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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the analytic sample (408 Japanese physician-researchers awarded prestigious career development grants)

From: Workplace resources, mentorship, and burnout in early career physician-scientists: a cross sectional study in Japan

 

Female (n = 101)

Male (n = 307)

p valuea

Individual factor

 Age, years

36.6 ± 2.5

36.8 ± 2.7

0.585

 Years of experience as a physician

12.2 ± 2.5

11.9 ± 2.7

0.338

 Doctor of Medical Science, n (%)

77 (76.2)

220 (71.7)

0.370

 Board certified specialist, n (%)

89 (88.17)

284 (92.8)

0.140

Specialty

  

0.258

Surgical departments

42 (41.6)

116 (37.8)

 

Internal Medicine departments

32 (31.7)

124 (40.4)

 

Other clinical departments

9 (8.9)

31(10.1)

 

Public Health and Basic Medicine

18 (17.8)

36 (11.7)

 

Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists

 Type B

97 (99.0)

300 (98.7)

0.819

 Amount of funding support ×100 US$

364 (140–741)

377 (156–500)

0.149

Research type, n (%)

  

0.024

 Basic medicine

41 (42.7)

170 (55.9)

 

 Clinical medicine

51 (53.1)

114 (37.5)

 

 Social sciences in medicine/others

4 (4.2)

20 (6.6)

 

Average weekly working hours

50.0 ± 16.7

62.7 ± 16.7

< 0.001

Attributes (%)

 Patient care

59.6 ± 24.5

54.4 ± 22.4

0.052

 Research

22.0 ± 20.2

22.7 ± 19.2

0.733

 Education and Career

4.5 ± 3.5

5.5 ± 4.6

0.022

 Teaching

8.3 ± 10.2

7.5 ± 6.5

0.450

 Administration

4.0 ± 5.2

8.5 ± 9.9

< 0.001

 Others

4.0 ± 11.3

3.1 ± 4.7

0.489

Married, n (%)

74 (69.8)

293 (90.4)

< 0.001

Household income, US$(1$ = 100JPY), n (%)

  

0.128

  ≥ 200,000

19 (19.4)

40 (13.1)

 

 150,000-200,000

25 (25.5)

80 (26.2)

 

 100,000–150,000

36 (36.7)

146 (47.9)

 

  < 100,000

18 (18.4)

39 (12.8)

 

Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (0–100 points)b

 Personal burnout (6 items)

41.9 ± 20.5

36.7 ± 20.8

0.029

 Work-related burnout (7 items)

32.1 ± 15.3

31.9 ± 14.8

0.544

 Patient-related burnout (6 items)

28.8 ± 20.5

27.8 ± 17.3

0.659

Mentor, n (%)c

64 (63.4)

178 (58.4)

0.374

Workplace Resourcesd

 Organizational climate (5–15 points)e

7.9 ± 3.0

8.4 ± 2.8

0.151

 Well-Being consultation services, f (5–20 points)

14.6 ± 3.3

13.4 ± 3.6

0.004

 A role model with good work-life balance, n (%)g

36 (36.0)

127 (41.8)

0.307

  1. Values are shown as number of physician-researchers (percentage), or mean ± S.D. for continuous variables whereas Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists amount is shown as median (5–95% confidence intervals). Significance of the difference between male and female: p values were estimated based on a t-test, a chi-square test or a Fisher’s exact testa
  2. bEach item was answered using a five-point Likert scale scoring: Always for 100, Often for 75, Sometimes for 50, Seldom for 25, and Never/almost never for 0. Total score on the scale is the average of the scores on the items (i.e., total score of each subscale is 100). The three burnout facet scores were calculated with one item reversed in order of response, so that higher overall scores indicate higher degree of burnout. cThe mentor item was counted comparing those who have a mentor vs. those who do not have a mentor or those who do not know if they have a mentor. dWorkplace Resources were asked starting with “Does your workplace have the following conditions....?” and response patterns were based on a five point Likert-scale from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree.’ eOrganizational climate includes the presence of actions to promote gender equity and presence of career education. fWell-being consultation services measures if the workplace has an expert or a division for consultation on “career and work”, “research”, “harassment”, and “mental health”. g The item measures if the workplace has a role model who can keep a perceived good balance of career and personal life and divided into a binary variable (agree vs. either “do not know” or “disagree”
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BMC Medical Education

ISSN: 1472-6920

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