Associations of emotional intelligence and gratitude with empathy in medical students

BMC Medical Education

Table 4 Results of hierarchical linear regression analyses

Variables	Perspective Taking (β)		Empathic Concern (β)		Personal Distress (β)
Variables	Step1	Step2	Step1	Step2	Step1	Step2
Age	0.024	0.056	− 0.018	0.012	− 0.082	−0.094*
Gender	0.096**	0.041	0.158**	0.094**	0.102**	0.103**
Grade dummy 1	−0.104**	−0.059*	− 0.077*	−0.038	0.042	0.015
Grade dummy 2	−0.060	−0.026	− 0.069	−0.044	0.070	0.043
Grade dummy 3	−0.122*	−0.072	− 0.101*	−0.055	0.077	0.056
Hometowns	−0.059*	0.002	0.104**	0.141**	0.150**	0.087**
Trait EI		0.435**		0.189**		−0.611**
Gratitude		0.236**		0.368**		0.189**
F	5.760**	95.225**	10.796**	64.619**	7.613**	88.442**
R²	0.024	0.355	0.045	0.272	0.032	0.323
△R²	0.024	0.331	0.045	0.227	0.032	0.291

**p < 0.01 (two-tailed); *p < 0.05 (two-tailed)
Grade dummy 1: year 2/year 1; Grade dummy 2: year 3/year 1; Grade dummy 3: year 4/year 1

ISSN: 1472-6920