Associations of emotional intelligence and gratitude with empathy in medical students

BMC Medical Education

Table 2 Differences of dimensions of the IRI in the study population (N = 1392)

Variables	Perspective Taking	Empathic Concern	Personal Distress
Sex
Male	17.34 ± 4.01	18.00 ± 4.07	12.88 ± 3.80
Female	18.15 ± 4.07	19.34 ± 4.23	13.71 ± 4.06
p	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Cohen’s d	0.20	0.32	0.21
Age, y
17–19	18.10 ± 4.22	19.00 ± 4.40	13.14 ± 4.13
20–25	17.55 ± 3.90	18.57 ± 4.03	13.56 ± 3.82
p	0.013	0.060	0.050
Cohen’s d	0.14	0.10	0.11
Year in medical school
1	18.38 ± 4.18^a	19.36 ± 4.32^a	13.20 ± 4.23
2	17.39 ± 3.99^b	18.55 ± 4.15^b	13.41 ± 3.83
3	17.91 ± 4.09	18.64 ± 4.14	13.52 ± 3.79
4	17.34 ± 3.83^b	18.29 ± 4.12^b	13.39 ± 3.92
p	0.001	0.003	0.730
Cohen’s d	0.26	0.25	0.08
Hometowns
Urban areas	18.07 ± 4.22	18.41 ± 4.60	12.84 ± 4.14
Non-urban areas	17.54 ± 3.88	19.15 ± 3.74	13.90 ± 3.72
p	0.015	0.001	< 0.001
Cohen’s d	0.13	0.18	0.27

IRI Interpersonal Reactivity Index
Different lower-case superscript letters indicate significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05)

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