Table 8 Primary outcome variables for participants of color by condition and time, with paired (pre-post) t-test results for each condition
Measure | Intervention Providers | Control Providers | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre M (SD) | Post M (SD) | t | p | Cohen’s d | Pre M (SD) | Post M (SD) | t | p | Cohen’s d | |
Observer-rated | ||||||||||
 Emotional rapport building | 7.83 (5.21) | 12.50 (4.05) | −2.49 | .056 | 1.00 | 9.58 (3.38) | 10.33 (3.96) | −0.45 | .670 | 0.20 |
 Response to racial challenges | 0.58 (0.66) | 1.42 (0.86) | −1.36 | .233 | 1.10 | 0.29 (1.05) | 1.06 (1.10) | −1.29 | .253 | 0.72 |
 Provider offensive? | 0.17 (0.26) | 0.00 (0.00) | – | – | – | 0.13 (0.31) | 0.17 (0.26) | – | – | – |
 Provider biased? | 0.08 (0.20) | 0.00 (0.00) | – | – | – | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | – | – | – |
 Recommend provider? | 0.33 (0.26) | 0.65 (0.40) | −2.05 | .095 | 0.95 | 0.22 (0.24) | 0.58 (0.26) | −2.66 | .045 | 1.44 |
 Patient positive experience? | 0.50 (0.32) | 0.72 (0.25) | −1.14 | .308 | 0.77 | 0.50 (0.45) | 0.67 (0.26) | −1.58 | .175 | 0.46 |
Provider self-report | ||||||||||
 Acting as an ally | 4.03 (0.85) | 4.17 (0.93) | −1.20 | .286 | 0.16 | 4.23 (0.86) | 4.17 (0.73) | 0.79 | .465 | 0.08 |
 Attitudes towards minorities | 59.21 (10.06) | 75.22 (12.83) | −4.20 | .008 | 1.39 | 60.38 (16.77) | 60.35 (15.14) | 0.01 | .992 | 0.00 |
 WAI-Bond | 5.79 (0.45) | 6.13 (0.51) | −1.84 | .126 | 0.71 | 5.88 (0.41) | 6.05 (0.31) | −1.39 | .223 | 0.47 |
 IOS | 4.58 (1.72) | 5.67 (1.44) | −2.49 | .056 | 0.69 | 4.25 (1.29) | 3.83 (0.93) | 0.71 | .507 | 0.37 |
 Interaction closeness | 4.75 (0.59) | 5.88 (0.49) | −3.09 | .027 | 2.08 | 4.67 (0.92) | 4.83 (0.70) | −0.67 | .530 | 0.20 |