Table 2 The results of confirmatory factor Analysis: Factor loadings, composite reliability (CR), and average variance extracted (AVE)
Construct | items | loadings | CR | AVE | Convergent Validity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enjoyment | q1 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.82 | Yes |
q2 | 0.93 | ||||
q3 | 0.91 | ||||
q4 | 0.89 | ||||
q5 | 0.95 | ||||
q6 | 0.94 | ||||
q7 | 0.87 | ||||
q8 | 0.83 | ||||
q9 | 0.82 | ||||
q10 | 0.97 | ||||
Hope | q11 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.89 | Yes |
q12 | 0.93 | ||||
q13 | 0.96 | ||||
q14 | 0.92 | ||||
q15 | 0.97 | ||||
q16 | 0.93 | ||||
Pride | q17 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.88 | Yes |
q18 | 0.94 | ||||
q19 | 0.92 | ||||
q20 | 0.93 | ||||
q21 | 0.96 | ||||
q22 | 0.93 | ||||
Self-efficacy | q23 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.88 | Yes |
q24 | 0.90 | ||||
q25 | 0.95 | ||||
q26 | 0.93 | ||||
q27 | 0.96 | ||||
q28 | 0.91 | ||||
q29 | 0.97 | ||||
q30 | 0.94 | ||||
Metacognitive learning strategies | q31 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.87 | Yes |
q32 | 0.95 | ||||
q33 | 0.98 | ||||
q34 | 0.70 | ||||
q35 | 0.96 | ||||
q36 | 0.95 | ||||
q37 | 0.93 | ||||
q38 | 0.98 | ||||
q39 | 0.92 | ||||
q40 | 0.95 | ||||
q41 | 0.98 | ||||
q42 | 0.97 |