Table 1 Overview of facets of competence assessed with the main instruments
From: Validation of a competence-based assessment of medical students’ performance in the physician’s role
Facets of competence | Instruments | |
|---|---|---|
direct | indirect | |
Responsibility The physician takes responsibility and shows accountability for his work. He/She accepts liability for his/her work. | FOC | EPA |
Teamwork and collegiality The physician cooperates effectively and respectfully in a (multidisciplinary) team, taking the views, knowledge, and expertise of others into account. | FOC | EPA, HOPA |
Knowing and maintaining own personal bounds and possibilities The physician knows the boundaries of his own ability and asks for help (timely) when needed. He/She reflects on himself/herself and the situation. | FOC | EPA, HOPA |
Empathy and openness The physician shows empathy, openness and susceptibility/accessibility in his/her contact with patients. | EPA, CARE | |
Structure, work planning and priorities The physician sees the overall picture, has organizational skills and a flexible attitude, and sets priorities in his/her work. | FOC | EPA, HOPA |
Coping with mistakes The physician is aware of the fact that anyone can make and does make mistakes once in a while. He/She is approachable when someone points out his/her mistakes and reacts adequately when he/she thinks that a colleague makes a mistake. | FOC | EPA, HOPA |
Active listening to patients The physician listens actively to patients and reacts (verbally and nonverbally) on the things he/she hears in a way that encourages the sharing of information (by the patients) and confirm his/her involvement with the patient. He/She shows attention to non-verbal signals coming from the patients. | CARE | EPA |
Scientifically and empirically grounded method of working The physician uses evidence-based procedures whenever possible and relies on scientific knowledge. He/She searches actively and purposefully for evidence and consults high-quality resources. He/She uses his scientific knowledge critically and carefully in his/her work. | FOC | EPA |
Ethical awareness The physician is acquainted with ethical aspects of his/her work. He/She distinguishes different points of view in the moral debate and makes deliberate choices when his/her work confronts him/her with ethical issues | EPA | |
Verbal communication with colleagues and supervisors The physician gives structured, pithy, and unambiguous verbal reports on his/her findings on a patient and his diagnostic and therapeutic policy. He/She asks relevant and purposeful questions. | FOC | EPA, HOPA |