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Table 3 Capability improvement after community pharmacy practical training evaluated via CPEPM outcomes (n = 646)

From: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of student experiential practice at community pharmacies in South Korea

Items in CPEPM

CAPEM related CAP E[18] Domaina

positive

% (N)

Negative

% (N)

Meanb ± SD

Identify problems related to the patient’s medications and suggest solutions

2.1, 3.1

65.3 (422)

34.7 (224)

2.70 ± 0.71

Monitor the patients’ medication effects, compliance and adverse effects, adjust care plan as needed.

2.1, 3.1

61.3 (396)

38.7 (250)

2.65 ± 0.77

Collect subjective and objective evidence related to the patient, by performing patient assessment from charts, pharmacist records, and patient/family interviews, then recommend optimal pharmacotherapy.

2.1, 3.1

58.6 (379)

41.3 (267)

2.60 ± 0.77

Optimizing the medication use system (i.e., Create, manage, and properly dispose of pharmacy documents)

2.1

48.6 (314)

51.4 (332)

2.44 ± 0.80

Effectively manage procurement, sale, storage, and inventory control of medication and pharmacy items

2.2

58.5 (378)

41.5 (268)

2.60 ± 0.83

Understand work priorities, and carry out tasks systematically

2.2

79.2 (512)

20.7 (134)

2.91 ± 0.67

Provide adequate counseling and education on pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacotherapy, and preventive therapy

2.3

64.4 (416)

35.6 (230)

2.70 ± 0.73

Provide health education to community residents about issues including health promotion, disease prevention, drug abuse prevention.

2.3

55.8 (360)

44.2 (286)

2.56 ± 0.77

Identify and solve problems arising during training

3.1

73.8 (477)

26.2 (169)

2.79 ± 0.65

Create appropriate presentation materials and deliver it properly to the intended audience

3.2

78.8 (509)

21.2 (137)

2.91 ± 0.67

Empower patients to take responsibility for, and control of, their health.

3.3

74.5 (481)

25.5 (165)

2.83 ± 0.66

Advise patients to obtain the resources and care required in an efficient and cost-effective manner

3.3

66.3 (428)

33.8 (218)

2.70 ± 0.73

Demonstrate mutual respect (preceptor, colleague) and values of co-operation to meet patient care needs

3.4

93.5 (604)

6.5 (42)

3.25 ± 0.64

Effectively communicate with physicians and resolve medication-related problems

3.6

69.0 (446)

31.0 (200)

2.77 ± 0.74

Practice communication skills through effective verbal communication

3.6

83.7 (541)

16.2 (105)

3.01 ± 0.67

 -Experience of and understanding of the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists

4.4

93.9 (607)

6.1 (39)

3.27 ± 0.63

 -Realization of the importance of improving competency as a professional through practical training

4.4

94.7 (612)

5.2 (34)

3.42 ± 0.64

  1. Score: 1 (Strongly disagree), 2 (Disagree), 3 (Agree), 4 (Strongly agree), Positive (Agree, Strongly agree), Negative (Strongly disagree, Disagree)
  2. SD standard deviation, CPEPM Community Pharmacy Experiential Education Manual, CAPE Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Educatio
  3. a Domain 2 (Essentials for Practice and Care): 2.1 (Patient-centered care), 2.2 (Medication use system management), 2.3 (Health and wellness promoter)
  4. Domain 3 (Approach to Practice and Care): 3.1 (Problem solving), 3.2 (educator), 3.3 (Patient advocacy), 3.4 (Inter professional collaboration), 3.6 (Communication),
  5. Domain 4 (Personal and Professional Development): 4.4 (Professionalism)
  6. b Mean Score