Table 4 Scores for the factors based on different levels of academic achievement

Below

Score (SD)

Average

Score (SD)

Above

Score (SD)

P

Multiple comparison

P

Mean Difference

Tendency towards academic dishonesty

2.36 (0.74)

2.21 (0.60)

2.01 (0.55)

0.005*

Above vs Below: 0.007*

−0.346

−0.62

− 0.08

Above vs Average: 0.043*

−0.198

-0.39

0.00

Below vs Average: 0.380

0.149

−0.11

0.41

Subscales:

Below

Score (SD)

Average

Score (SD)

Above

Score (SD)

P

Multiple comparison

P

 Tendency towards cheating

2.48 (1.18)

2.10 (0.87)

1.84 (0.83)

0.001*

Above vs Below: 0.001*

−0.637

−1.04

−0.24

Above vs Average: 0.080

−0.265

−0.55

0.02

Below vs Average: 0.068

0.373

−0.02

0.77

 Dishonesty in works such as assignments and projects

2.43 (0.80)

2.38 (0.67)

2.12 (0.67)

0.008*

Above vs Below: 0.045

−0.312

−0.62

−0.01

Above vs Average: 0.016

−0.260

−0.48

−0.04

Below vs Average: 0.913

0.052

−0.25

0.35

 Research and reporting process dishonesty

2.50 (0.89)

2.30 (0.71)

2.10 (0.60)

0.006*

Above vs Below: 0.007*

−0.403

−0.71

−0.09

Above vs Average: 0.081

−0.204

−0.43

0.02

Below vs Average: 0.270

0.200

−0.10

0.50

 Tendency towards citation dishonesty

2.08 (0.71)

2.04 (0.70)

1.98 (0.67)

0.659