Table 3 Mean APP scores for each individual DiSC style and differences between DiSC styles
APP Mean Scores (averaged across all clinical placements) for Individual Everything DiSC Style Groups n = 132 students Mean (SD) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
APP Items | 1. DC n = 6 | 2. D n = 7 | 3. Di n = 7 | 4. iD n = 5 | 5. i n = 13 | 6. iS n = 15 | 7. Si n = 6 | 8. S n = 20 | 9. SC n = 10 | 10. CS n = 16 | 11. C n = 22 | 12. CD n = 5 | Kruskal Wallis Difference between DiSC Styles (p-value) | Mann Whitney U Post Hoc Differences between DiSC Styles (p-value) |
Professional Behaviour | ||||||||||||||
1.Demonstrates an understanding of client rights and consent | 3.73 (0.15) | 3.95 (0.08) | 3.83 (0.19) | 3.86 (0.22) | 3.45 (0.69) | 3.78 (0.19) | 3.81 (0.25) | 3.71 (0.28) | 3.60 (0.62) | 3.50 (0.36) | 3.65 (0.39) | 3.87 (0.22) | 0.075 | |
2.Demonstrates commitment to learning | 3.50 (0.19) | 3.78 (0.21) | 3.50 (0.30) | 3.62 (0.41) | 3.19 (0.86) | 3.74 (0.33) | 3.81 (0.19) | 3.58 (0.32) | 3.45 (0.82) | 3.50 (0.49) | 3.68 (0.40) | 3.50 (0.47) | 0.228 | |
3.Demonstrates ethical, legal & culturally responsive practice | 3.58 (0.15) | 3.93 (0.13) | 3.76 (0.25) | 3.81 (0.21) | 3.28 (0.88) | 3.82 (0.23) | 3.81 (0.27) | 3.71 (0.22) | 3.55 (0.65) | 3.45 (0.38) | 3.66 (0.42) | 3.70 (0.45) | 0.040* | D – CS: p = 0.001* D – i: p = 0.019 Si – CS = 0.040 |
4.Demonstrates collaborative practice | 3.36 (0.25) | 3.67 (0.30) | 3.17 (0.37) | 3.39 (0.38) | 3.17 (0.84) | 3.57 (0.43) | 3.58 (0.09) | 3.34 (0.41) | 3.25 (0.75) | 3.00 (0.67) | 3.34 (0.56) | 3.43 (0.25) | 0.108 | |
Communication | ||||||||||||||
5.Communicates effectively and appropriately - Verbal/Non-verbal | 3.29 (0.27) | 3.78 (0.31) | 3.14 (0.66) | 3.34 (0.23) | 3.05 (0.87) | 3.63 (0.31) | 3.64 (0.31) | 3.31 (0.40) | 3.03 (0.92) | 2.96 (0.77) | 3.28 (0.59) | 3.53 (0.40) | 0.030* | D – CS: p = 0.01 D – i: p = 0.019 Si – CS: p = 0.059 Si – i: p = 0.179 |
6.Demonstrates clear and accurate documentation | 3.43 (0.16) | 3.63 (0.29) | 3.33 (0.54) | 3.08 (0.53) | 2.90 (0.89) | 3.46 (0.38) | 3.72 (0.39) | 3.30 (0.35) | 3.28 (0.74) | 3.16 (0.79) | 3.36 (0.54) | 3.30 (0.45) | 0.269 | |
Assessment | ||||||||||||||
7.Conducts an appropriate client-centred interview | 3.12 (0.25) | 3.72 (0.30) | 3.45 (0.45) | 3.49 (0.40) | 3.00 (0.89) | 3.47 (0.31) | 3.72 (0.20) | 3.29 (0.37) | 3.27 (0.67) | 3.06 (0.55) | 3.30 (0.52) | 3.40 (0.42) | 0.050 | |
8.Selects and measures relevant health indicators and outcomes | 3.11 (0.29) | 3.29 (0.23) | 3.07 (0.35) | 2.95 (0.57) | 2.64 (0.84) | 3.21 (0.49) | 3.36 (0.19) | 3.11 (0.38) | 2.99 (0.63) | 2.72 (0.63) | 3.12 (0.52) | 3.17 (0.41) | 0.122 | |
9.Performs appropriate physical assessment procedures | 3.15 (0.28) | 3.43 (0.45) | 3.07 (0.38) | 3.43 (0.57) | 2.92 (0.69) | 3.35 (0.38) | 3.39 (0.29) | 3.22 (0.47) | 3.05 (0.78) | 2.95 (0.58) | 3.14 (0.59) | 3.47 (0.36) | 0.379 | |
Analysis & Planning | ||||||||||||||
10.Appropriately interprets assessment findings | 3.09 (0.27) | 3.39 (0.36) | 3.19 (0.48) | 3.15 (0.74) | 2.62 (0.90) | 3.14 (0.45) | 3.42 (0.25) | 3.10 (0.39) | 2.93 (0.69) | 2.70 (0.71) | 3.15 (0.62) | 3.30 (0.45) | 0.108 | |
11.Identifies and prioritises client’s problems | 3.24 (0.10) | 3.44 (0.39) | 3.07 (0.25) | 3.15 (0.42) | 2.78 (0.93) | 3.24 (0.47) | 3.33 (0.38) | 3.18 (0.30) | 3.03 (0.78) | 2.72 (0.77) | 3.23 (0.66) | 3.17 (0.42) | 0.346 | |
12.Sets realistic short- and long-term client-centred goals | 3.12 (0.26) | 3.39 (0.30) | 2.83 (0.45) | 2.90 (0.55) | 2.73 (0.82) | 3.12 (0.43) | 3.36 (0.19) | 2.99 (0.33) | 2.98 (0.67) | 2.76 (0.62) | 2.97 (0.64) | 3.10 (0.25) | 0.189 | |
13.Selects appropriate intervention in collaboration with the client | 3.10 (0.20) | 3.59 (0.32) | 3.02 (0.38) | 3.14 (0.42) | 2.69 (0.87) | 3.37 (0.44) | 3.31 (0.29) | 3.17 (0.37) | 2.98 (0.72) | 2.84 (0.73) | 3.13 (0.60) | 3.27 (0.25) | 0.053 | |
Intervention | ||||||||||||||
14.Performs interventions appropriately | 3.26 (0.18) | 3.60 (0.39) | 3.10 (0.40) | 3.43 (0.57) | 2.94 (0.90) | 3.40 (0.36) | 3.69 (0.27) | 3.34 (0.41) | 3.08 (0.87) | 3.03 (0.68) | 3.21 (0.65) | 3.43 (0.09) | 0.177 | |
15.Is an effective educator | 3.21 (0.23) | 3.69 (0.38) | 3.19 (0.56) | 3.09 (0.37) | 2.91 (0.96) | 3.42 (0.35) | 3.69 (0.27) | 3.19 (0.40) | 3.08 (0.83) | 2.84 (0.84) | 3.22 (0.62) | 3.57 (0.25) | 0.024* | D - CS: p = 0.012 D – i: p = 0.030 Si – CS: p = 0.017 Si – i: p = 0.029 |
16.Monitors the effect of intervention | 3.15 (0.37) | 3.44 (0.31) | 3.26 (0.43) | 2.99 (0.58) | 2.78 (0.87) | 3.36 (0.47) | 3.47 (0.27) | 3.16 (0.37) | 3.18 (0.78) | 2.86 (0.77) | 3.21 (0.51) | 3.17 (0.20) | 0.261 | |
17.Progresses intervention appropriately | 3.12 (0.23) | 3.58 (0.35) | 3.29 (0.47) | 3.10 (0.42) | 2.76 (0.92) | 3.24 (0.39) | 3.50 (0.18) | 3.19 (0.41) | 2.99 (0.66) | 2.74 (0.61) | 3.14 (0.61) | 3.20 (0.22) | 0.032* | D - CS: p = 0.001* D – i: p = 0.024 Si – CS: p = 0.002* Si – i: p = 0.036 |
18.Undertakes discharge planning | 3.01 (0.22) | 3.38 (0.40) | 2.90 (0.32) | 3.04 (0.62) | 2.73 (0.80) | 3.06 (0.34) | 3.22 (0.20) | 3.03 (0.34) | 2.94 (0.62) | 2.78 (0.62) | 2.99 (0.57) | 3.10 (0.42) | 0.542 | |
Evidence-based Practice | ||||||||||||||
19.Applies evidence-based practice / client-centred care | 3.15 (0.17) | 3.48 (0.29) | 3.10 (0.35) | 3.05 (0.67) | 2.88 (0.90) | 3.45 (0.36) | 3.58 (0.25) | 3.23 (0.43) | 3.21 (0.59) | 3.06 (0.53) | 3.19 (0.54) | 3.07 (0.52) | 0.227 | |
Risk Management | ||||||||||||||
20.Identifies adverse events/near misses, minimises risk associated with assessment and interventions | 3.34 (0.25) | 3.73 (0.27) | 3.17 (0.35) | 3.33 (0.21) | 3.04 (0.95) | 3.46 (0.43) | 3.81 (0.16) | 3.44 (0.42) | 3.26 (0.87) | 2.97 (0.73) | 3.29 (0.63) | 3.40 (0.43) | 0.030* | D - CS: p = 0.008 D – i: p = 0.019 S – CS: p = 0.021 Si – i: p = 0.046 |
Total APP out of 80 | 65.08 (2.48) | 71.89 (5.09) | 64.45 (5.43) | 65.34 (8.16) | 58.46 (16.67) | 68.29 (5.58) | 71.22 (2.55) | 65.55 (5.76) | 63.13 (14.11) | 59.60 (12.04) | 65.28 (10.11) | 67.13 (4.70) | 0.090 | |
Total APP Percentage (%) | 81.35 (3.10) | 89.86 (6.36) | 80.57 (6.78) | 81.68 (10.20) | 73.08 (20.84) | 85.37 (6.97) | 88.76 (3.61) | 81.94 (7.20) | 78.91 (17.64) | 74.50 (15.05) | 81.53 (12.62) | 83.92 (5.88) | 0.090 | |