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Table 1 Loadings, Cronbach’s α, Composite Reliability and AVE

From: Strategic elements of residency training in China: transactional leadership, self-efficacy, and employee-orientation culture

Variables

Loading

Cronbach’s α

Composite Reliability

AVE

Self-efficacy

0.61–0.78

0.86

0.89

0.51

TLS (contingent reward)

0.85–0.89

0.85

0.91

0.77

TLS (contingent punishment)

0.78–0.86

0.76

0.87

0.69

Organizational culture

0.66–0.85

0.94

0.95

0.58

Performance

0.61–0.81

0.92

0.94

0.50