Table 2 Opportunities for LGBT Bias Reduction in Medical, Nursing, and Dental School Training
| Training Target | Training Activity | Training Modality | Competency Domains |
|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge | Understanding sexual orientation, gender identity, LGBTQ terminology |
Lecture Conferences or workshops |
Knowledge for practice Interpersonal and communication skills Professionalism |
| Understanding transgender medical care |
Lecture Conferences or workshops Simulation/standardized patients |
Knowledge for practice Patient care Practice-based learning and improvement | |
| Understanding the potential impact of LGBTQ-related discrimination on health disparities |
Lecture Conferences or workshops Small group discussion |
Patient care Professionalism | |
| Explicit attitudes | Contact with LGBTQ individuals through presentations and patient panels | Conferences or workshops |
Knowledge for practice Interpersonal and communication skills |
| Understanding discrimination in health care settings through presentations by LGBTQ patients |
Conferences or workshops Case- or problem-based learning |
Patient care Practice-based learning and improvement Professionalism | |
| Comfort level | Navigating LGBTQ patient care scenarios |
Case- or problem-based learning Simulation/standardized patients |
Patient care Practice-based learning and improvement |
| Sexual history taking with LGBTQ patients | Simulation/standardized patients |
Patient care Practice-based learning and improvement | |
| Increasing comfort with LGBTQ patient care through role-play and perspective taking exercises | Small group discussion |
Practice-based learning and improvement Interpersonal and communication skills Professionalism | |
| Implicit attitudes | Understanding the psychological basis of implicit bias |
Lecture Conferences or workshops |
Knowledge for practice Personal and professional development |
| Understanding the impact of implicit bias on health care providers |
Lecture Conferences or workshops |
Knowledge for practice Personal and professional development | |
| Increasing awareness of implicit biases through taking the Implicit Association Test | Small group discussion |
Patient care Personal and professional development | |
| Practicing bias reduction (e.g., individuation training, emotion regulation skills) | Conferences or workshops |
Practice-based learning and improvement Personal and professional development |