Fig. 3

Forest plot of theoretical scores for TBL compared with LBL. (a) Subgroup analysis of scores of students from colleges versus students from universities; (b) Subgroup analysis of scores of students experienced experiments-oriented courses versus theory-oriented courses. Squares symbolize SMD point estimate, and horizontal lines represent 95% CI. The diamond represents the overall summary estimate. (CI: confidence interval; SMD: standardized mean difference)