Table 3 Responses to selected knowledge questions including comparison by program (N = 222)
|  | All Programs (%) N = 222 n (%) | BSN (%) n = 83 n (%) | DNP (%) n = 14 n (%) | Medicine (%) n = 74 n (%) | Pharmacy (%) n = 51 n (%) | Association with program (p-value)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hierarchy of evidence question, do the researchers’ studies suggest:b c | ||||||
 Correlation between MMR and autism | 2 (0.9) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
 †No link between MMR and autism | 173 (78.6) | 53 (64.6) | 11 (78.6) | 65 (89.0) | 44 (86.3) | 0.001* |
 Can’t draw a conclusion | 45 (20.5) | 28 (34.2) | 2 (14.3) | 8 (11.0) | 7 (13.7) |  |
Patients presenting with mild illnesses, such as cold or bronchitis, should not receive their routine vaccinations. | ||||||
 True | 50 (22.5) | 36 (43.4) | 3 (21.4) | 6 (8.1) | 5 (9.8) |  |
 †False | 134 (60.4) | 27 (32.5) | 11 (78.6) | 61 (82.4) | 35 (68.6) | < 0.0001* |
 Unsure | 38 (17.1) | 20 (24.1) | 0 (0) | 7 (9.5) | 11 (21.6) |  |
Current scientific evidence supports associations between vaccines and chronic conditions such as autism and multiple sclerosis.d | ||||||
 True | 1 (0.4) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
 †False | 209 (99.5) | 72 (98.6) | 14 (100.0) | 72 (100.0) | 51 (100.0) | 1.000 |
 Unsure | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
Vaccines interact with the immune system and often produce an immune response similar to that produced by the natural infection, but they do not subject the recipient to the disease and its potential complications. | ||||||
 †True | 192 (86.5) | 67 (80.7) | 13 (92.8) | 67 (90.5) | 45 (88.2) |  |
 False | 22 (1.0) | 9 (10.8) | 0 (0) | 7 (9.5) | 6 (11.8) | 0.046* |
 Unsure | 8 (3.6) | 7 (8.5) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
The difference in immunity from breastfeeding and immunity from vaccination is that vaccines provide short-term immunologic memory, whereas breastfeeding provides long-term immunologic memory. | ||||||
 True | 16 (7.2) | 8 (9.6) | 4 (28.6) | 2 (2.7) | 2 (3.9) |  |
 †False | 177 (79.7) | 55 (66.3) | 8 (57.1) | 69 (93.2) | 45 (88.2) | < 0.0001* |
 Unsure | 29 (13.1) | 20 (24.1) | 2 (14.3) | 3 (4.1) | 4 (7.8) |  |