Is hybrid-PBL advancing teaching in biomedicine? A systematic review

Table 1 Studies selected following the PRISMA guideline

Study	Country	Discipline	Groups	Total n number	Factual knowledge	Problem-solving skills	Student’s perception
[26]	Spain	Biology	h-PBL, TT	85	Yes	No	No
[28]	USA	Medicine	h-PBL, TT	71	Yes	Yes	Yes
[29]	Canada	Pharmacy	h-PBL, TT	64	Yes	Yes	Yes
[31]	Spain	Biology	h-PBL, TT	60	Yes	No	Yes
[32]	China	Medicine	h-PBL, TT	273	Yes	No	Yes
[33]	China	Medicine	h-PBL, TT, PBL	127	Yes	Yes	Yes
[34]	USA	Physiology	h-PBL, TT	187	Yes	No	Yes
[35]	USA	Chemistry	h-PBL, TT	300	No	Yes	Yes
[36]	India	Medicine	h-PBL, TT	118	No	No	Yes
[37]	China	Medicine	h-PBL, TT	205	Yes	Yes	Yes
[38]	USA	Biology	h-PBL, TT	–	No	No	Yes
[39]	Turkey	Medicine	h-PBL, TT, PBL	547	No	No	Yes