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Table 2 For clinic categories 0 (no resident-hosted clinic), 1 (resident-hosted clinic where faculty must discuss and/or see every patient encountered) and 2 (resident-hosted clinic where faculty see patients at the residents’ discretion and the faculty member may or may not be on-site), this table shows the residents’ comfort level breaking bad news to a patient and obtaining informed consent (1 = extremely comfortable, 2 = somewhat comfortable, 3 = neither comfortable nor uncomfortable, 4 = somewhat uncomfortable, 5 = extremely uncomfortable), perceived difficulty managing time in clinic (1 = very difficult, 2 = moderate difficulty, 3 = not much difficulty), average number of patients seen in a typical day, and confidence managing patients in clinic and providing consultations in the emergency department and inpatient wards (1 = very confident, 2 = somewhat confident, 3 = neutral, 4 = somewhat diffident, 5 = very diffident)

From: Supervision and autonomy of ophthalmology residents in the outpatient clinic in the United States II: a survey of senior residents

Clinic Category

Comfort giving bad news

Comfort obtaining informed consent

Difficulty managing time in clinic

Average number of clinic patients daily

Confidence managing patients in clinic

Confidence offering consults in ED and ward

0

1.8 (1.6–2.1)

1.2 (1.0–1.5)

2.0 (1.8–2.2)

20 (17–22)

1.6 (1.3–1.9)

1.4 (1.2–1.5)

1

1.5 (1.3–1.7)

1.1 (1.0–1.2)

1.9 (1.6–2.0)

20 (18–22)

1.6 (1.2–1.7)

1.2 (1.1–1.4)

2

1.8 (1.6–2.1)

1.1 91.0–1.2)

1.8 (1.6–1.9)

21 (19–23)

1.3 (1.2–1.5)

1.3 (1.1–1.4)

p-value

0.15

0.49

0.21

0.73

0.21

0.51

Test used to calculate P-value

ANOVA

ANOVA

ANOVA

ANOVA

ANOVA

ANOVA

  1. Each metric is followed by the 95% CI. The p-value refers to the difference between the metrics in any given column