Category and contentsa | Pre (n = 60) mean (SD) | Post (n = 60) mean (SD) | t | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Initiating the session | ||||
Prepare yourself for the consultation | 4.45 (1.48) | 5.60 (0.99) | −5.556 | < 0.001 |
Introduce yourself and welcome the patient | 4.92 (1.45) | 5.77 (1.03) | −4.375 | < 0.001 |
Establish an initial rapport with the patient | 4.68 (1.47) | 5.48 (1.08) | −3.892 | < 0.001 |
Identify the reason for the consultation | 4.73 (1.33) | 5.60 (1.01) | −4.541 | < 0.001 |
Gathering information | ||||
Explore the patient’s issues through effective questioning and listening skills | 4.82 (1.13) | 5.53 (0.91) | −4.441 | < 0.001 |
Obtain the patient’s perspective | 4.77 (1.11) | 5.42 (1.01) | −3.660 | 0.001 |
Use concise, easily understood questions and comments and avoid or adequately explain jargon | 4.55 (1.24) | 5.53 (1.16) | −5.073 | < 0.001 |
Explanation and planning | ||||
Provide the correct type of information in an appropriate manner suitable for the patient | 4.32 (1.02) | 5.48 (0.89) | −7.000 | < 0.001 |
Aid accurate recall and understanding | 4.52 (1.08) | 5.58 (0.87) | −6.231 | < 0.001 |
Achieve a shared understanding, incorporating the patient’s perspective | 4.55 (0.98) | 5.38 (0.88) | −5.275 | < 0.001 |
Develop an action plan that involves shared decision-making | 4.30 (1.23) | 5.15 (0.97) | −4.703 | < 0.001 |
Providing structure to the consultation | ||||
Agree with the agenda | 4.67 (1.20) | 5.63 (0.88) | −5.296 | < 0.001 |
Summarize and recall throughout the consultation to check understanding | 4.75 (1.37) | 5.77 (0.85) | −5.131 | < 0.001 |
Use signposts and transitional statements to progress from one part of the consultation to the next | 4.23 (1.23) | 5.22 (1.06) | −5.765 | < 0.001 |
Apply a logical structure | 4.20 (1.25) | 5.25 (1.14) | −5.730 | < 0.001 |
Adhere to the time limit | 4.65 (1.23) | 5.18 (1.00) | −2.862 | 0.006 |
Building a relationship | ||||
Continue to build rapport throughout the consultation | 4.90 (1.31) | 5.53 (0.98) | −3.332 | 0.001 |
Show empathy | 5.15 (1.34) | 5.58 (1.12) | −2.327 | 0.023 |
Share in the discussion as a partnership | 4.63 (1.30) | 5.32 (1.05) | −3.637 | 0.001 |
Use open body language and appropriate eye contact | 4.53 (1.35) | 5.47 (1.03) | −5.736 | < 0.001 |
Closing the session | ||||
Summarize the key ideas | 4.83 (1.03) | 5.33 (1.07) | −2.774 | 0.007 |
Make a final contract with the patient to agree with the action plan | 4.65 (0.95) | 5.37 (0.94) | −4.541 | < 0.001 |
Establish contingency plans in case the plan does not proceed as designed (safety-netting) | 4.20 (1.30) | 5.22 (1.04) | −4.859 | < 0.001 |
Asks if the patient has any questions or other items they would like to discuss | 5.40 (1.30) | 5.98 (0.93) | −3.014 | 0.004 |