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Table 1 The (semi-)open-ended and closed-ended questionnaire of Critical Thinking Disposition for Chinese medical college students (CTDI-CM)

From: Development and validation of the critical thinking disposition inventory for Chinese medical college students (CTDI-M)

CT dispositions

CT dispositions

质疑

Question

灵活性

Are flexible

不盲从

Do not blindly obey

无偏见地识别问题

Identify problems without prejudice

审慎思考

Think carefully

范畴 (逻辑)归类

Category (logical) classification

自我意识

Are self-conscious

解读、澄清含义

Interpret and clarify meaning

寻求问题

Seek to solve problems

锲而不舍的探求

Pursue with perseverance

避免情绪推理

Avoid emotional reasoning

知识的整合

Integrate knowledge

分析资料

Analyse data

对一件事情给出更多可选择的意义

Attach multiple possible meanings to one thing

评估信息

Evaluate information

辨识问题

Identify problems

辨析差异

Discriminate differences

在辩论中发现漏洞

Find loopholes in the debate

不轻易、简单地依靠感知觉

Do not easily and simply rely on perception

擅长知识迁移

Are good at knowledge transfer

擅长推理

Are good at reasoning

好问、多问、深问的思维品质

Tend to ask many deep questions

有效解释

Give effective interpretations

合理判断

Make reasonable judgments

(2)不使自己原有的认识阻碍判断

Avoid allowing existing cognition to hinder judgments

逻辑思考

Think logically

在收集大量信息基础上做出正确判断

Make correct judgments based on collecting a large amount of information

抵制毫无根据的想法

Resist unfounded ideas

意识到自己的偏见

Realize own prejudices

运用知识来解决问题

Use knowledge to solve problems

无偏见地作出判断

Make judgments without prejudice

形成有充分根据的判断

Form well-founded judgments

创造性

Are creative

(3)寻求证据

Seek evidence

有意识进行评判的心理状态

Have a mental state of conscious judgment

(6)寻找真相

Find the truth

愿意重新建构自己的观点

Are willing to rebuild own views

谋划策略

Plan strategy

预测

Are inclined to predict

(9)能够抓住事情深层次问题

Engage in in-depth thinking

有目的的自我调整

Purposefully self-adjust

确定某物的真实价值

Determine the true value of something

理性地综合考虑各种情况

Rationally consider various situations

(5)寻求多样性答案

Seek solutions from many aspects

做出合理决定

Make a reasonable decision

认知监控

Employ cognitive monitoring

(1)公正客观对待事物

Have a fair and objective attitude

思维开放

Have an open mind

重视理由和证据在解决问题中的作用

Emphasize the role of reason and evidence in solving problems

从不同角度、不同方向思考

Think from different aspects and directions

(4)接纳不同观点

Accept different views

自我修正

Are capable of self-correction

对别人的意见敏感

Sensitive to other people’s opinions

反思

Engage in reflective thinking

(7)明智和谨慎地做决定

Make decisions wisely and prudently

自我调节

Are capable of self-regulation

(10)能动地、全面地分析事物的各个方面

Actively comprehensively analyse problems

合适的推论

Make appropriate inferences

(13)主动思考

Are active thinkers

阐明解决问题的多种选择

Clarify multiple options for solving problems

(16)不迷信权威

Do not have blind faith in authority

清晰、正确、精确陈述

Make clear, correct, accurate statements

独立意识

Are capable of independent consciousness

(8)不陷于惯性思维定式

Avoid the negative effects of mental set

敏锐的洞察力

Are capable of keen insight

从多种角度考察合理性

Assess rationality from multiple directions

有效地理解知识

Comprehend knowledge effectively

避免过失、错误或失真

Avoid mistakes, errors or distortions

谨慎地从证据中得出结论

Carefully draw conclusions from evidence

现在思考与先前早已思考的相一致

Employ self-consistent thinking

认知成熟

Cognitive maturity

陈述与当下的内容相关联

Make pertinent statements

有效地运用知识和经验

Effectively use knowledge and experience

(12)逻辑思维

Are capable of logical thinking

注意对研究证据的选择性解释

Identify selective interpretations of research evidence

深入追溯问题, 全盘把握各个方面

Investigate issues thoroughly and fully

智力解决问题

Are capable of intellectual problem solving

(16)在表面理由背后挖掘真相

Distinguish truth from falsehood

智力确定行动方针

Intellectually determine a course of action

(17)多方面审视问题

View the problem in many ways

明智决断

Make rational decisions

避免自我中心倾向思维

Avoid self-centred thinking

寻求信息

Search information

(18)去伪存真

Winnow truth from falsehood

处理信息的技巧

Are skilled in information processing

有组织, 有目标地去努力处理问题

Address problems with organization and purpose

正确取舍

Make the correct choice

(11)打破思维习惯

Break habitual thinking patterns

持慎思的怀疑态度去从事活动

Are cautious and sceptical about engaging in activities

(15)不受偶然的暗示而犹豫动摇

Do not allow unrealistic suggestions to alter thinking

持之以恒的、细心的、积极的思考

Persevere, with careful and positive thinking

真伪对错的剖析和评断

Analyse and judge truth/falsehood

合理思考

Are capable of reasonable thinking

思维中遵循规律和标准

Follow the rules and standards in thinking

思维活跃

Have an active mind

对自己的理性分析能力有把握

Have confidence in their ability to analyse rationally

辨析问题

Discriminate and analyse the problem

其他___________

Please list other dispositions not included in the questionnaire__________.

  1. Note: The items in italics represent the semi-open-ended questionnaire of CTDI-CM (61 items). The items in bold represent the final version of CTDI-CM (18 items)