Table 2 Items used for the developing scale, and mean item scores for each respondent group

1

I cannot tolerate that colleagues who sympathize with my actions have a different mindset from me.

R

5.56

(1.244)

5.51

(1.270)

5.51

(1.502)

5.65

(1.086)

2

I find it difficult to suppress my desires and act rationally.

R

5.05

(1.437)

5.08

(1.406)

5.45

(1.442)

5.41

(1.322)

3

It is difficult for me to adjust and act according to the different values of each medical professional and the demands for physicians.

R

4.19

(1.377)

4.20

(1.268)

4.34

(1.550)

5.00

(1.202)

4

I have never thought about the reasons or principles behind the required code of conduct.

R

4.56

(1.251)

4.33

(1.238)

4.51

(1.249)

4.86

(1.316)

5

I am sometimes unable to do something I was not interested in despite understanding its necessity.

R

3.84

(1.313)

4.23

(1.454)

4.43

(1.678)

4.27

(1.347)

6

The way I behave in medical settings is not my true self.

R

4.31

(1.167)

4.44

(1.346)

4.68

(1.400)

5.46

(1.366)

7

I behave correctly as a physician on a daily basis.

F

4.25

(0.999)

4.24

(1.108)

5.00

(1.319)

5.41

(1.235)

8

I am aware of my position as a physician.

F

4.97

(1.330)

4.68

(1.361)

6.26

(1.113)

6.65

(0.633)

9

I have accepted the words of gratitude and the frustration and anger of patients as a personal evaluation of myself.

F

4.86

(1.080)

5.18

(1.092)

5.13

(0.992)

5.57

(0.835)

10

I consider long-term significance and concerns when I think about what I should do now.

F

5.29

(1.087)

5.18

(1.112)

5.28

(1.136)

5.54

(0.767)

11

I have used my own beliefs and ideals as a standard to evaluate my own actions as a physician.

F

4.58

(1.024)

4.62

(1.030)

4.43

(1.156)

4.89

(0.994)

12

If I were able to play a role in improving society and organizations, I would be satisfied even if I did not receive individual recognition.

F

4.23

(1.386)

4.04

(1.411)

4.28

(1.347)

4.57

(1.425)

13

I induce action in the people around me based on the principles I believe in to fulfill my role as a physician.

F

4.48

(1.027)

4.38

(1.117)

4.43

(1.078)

5.11

(0.843)

14

I take on various roles in accordance with the demands of society.

F

4.57

(1.199)

4.28

(1.159)

5.13

(0.947)

5.49

(0.901)

15

I feel that I need to change my current mindset and everyday behavior.

R

3.14

(1.267)

3.24

(1.341)

3.32

(1.321)

4.19

(1.578)

N