Animation and interactivity facilitate acquisition of pediatric life support skills: a randomized controlled trial using virtual patients versus video instruction

Table 3 Total time of PBLS sequence (part of ‘adherence to temporal demands’ domain)

	Video group (Vid) N = 37	Animated VP group (VP_anim) N = 35	Static VP group (VP_stat) N = 31	VP_anim vs. Vid	VP_stat vs. Vid	VP_anim vs. VP_stat
	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	mean ± SD
Total time of PBLS sequence (seconds)	84.6 ± 10.4	98.8 ± 16.8	120.9 ± 28.6	p = 0.008¹	p < 0.001¹	p < 0.001¹
Total time of PBLS sequence (seconds)	84.6 ± 10.4	98.8 ± 16.8	120.9 ± 28.6	d = 1.02	d = 1.69	d = − 0.94

¹Post hoc test, Results as mean total time and standard deviation (SD) for a PBLS sequence, in seconds. Benchmark was determined as 80 s. Statistically significant results between two respective groups are indicated in bold

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