Table 1 Domains of competences including their definitions and facets
From: Assessing core competences of medical students with a test for flight school applicants
Domain | Definition | Facets |
|---|---|---|
Leadership (LS) | Good leadership is defined by specifying goals and controlling and correcting the outcome. A good leader considers the situations of others. It includes decision making, the ability to take the appropriate actions after having assessed the risks and benefits of several options. | ▪ Guidance/commandability ▪ Assertiveness/persistance ▪ Decision making ▪ Resistance to premature judgement ▪ Analytical methods ▪ Finding solutions actively |
Teamwork (TW) | Good teamwork consists of active participation and co-operation in group processes. Good team members share their information and ask others about their views and ideas. It involves a sensitive perception of social situations and a tolerant and respectful treatment of others’ intentions and actions. This implies to perform tasks and responsibilities conscientiously and trustworthy. | ▪ Social sensitivity/empathy ▪ Sociability ▪ Tolerance ▪ Honesty ▪ Active helpfulness |
Stress resistance (SR) | Maintaining effective performance, control and goal orientation under pressure or adversity. A good stress resistance includes also the absence of physiological symptoms (vegetative, motoric or verbal). | ▪ Resilience ▪ Stress resistance ▪ Strain symptoms |
Awareness (AW) | Awareness is the ability to remain always cognizant of the surroundings. It involves recognizing how information, rules, own actions and actions of others influence the present and future. Cognitive resources are limited. The discrepancy between situational demands and the individual possibility to perform accurately accounts for problems when fulfilling a task. | ▪ Situational awareness ▪ Workload management |
Communication (CM) | Communication includes information transfer and social aspects. Crew members share information and assure reception and understanding. Suggestions of other crew members are considered, even if one does not agree. Ambiguities and uncertainties are announced. | ▪ Oral fact finding ▪ Persuasion ▪ Oral defense |
Adherence to procedures (AP) | This competence is defined by knowledge and disciplined and correct application of rules. | ▪ Knowledge of procedures ▪ Adherence to procedures |