Table 2 Knowledge about the health hazards of WTS Smoking: pre and post intervention
From: Knowledge of health professional students on waterpipe tobacco smoking: curricula implications
Pre Intervention | Post Intervention | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | ||
WTS is safe alternative to cigarette smoking (F) | 233 | 93.6 | 122 | 92.8 | 0.918 |
The charcoal to heat tobacco raises health risks by producing high levels of CO (T) | 226 | 90.8 | 114 | 87 | 0.259 |
After passing through water, smoke from WTS has lower levels of toxic agents (F) | 188 | 75.8 | 114 | 87.0 | 0.01 |
WTS tobacco smoke contains toxic agents that cause lung cancer (T) | 237 | 96.0 | 119 | 91.5 | 0.076 |
Tobacco juices from WTS do not increase the risk of developing oral cancer (F) | 199 | 80.2 | 111 | 84.7 | 0.281 |
WTS tobacco and smoke contain toxic agents that cause coronary heart disease (T) | 230 | 93.5 | 118 | 90.8 | 0.338 |
Infections may be spread by sharing WTS (T) | 207 | 83.1 | 120 | 92.3 | 0.014 |
Pregnant women who smoked WTS do not have increased risk of having low birth weight babies (F) | 216 | 86.7 | 114 | 87.0 | 0.94 |
Babies born to WTS smokers are at an increased risk of respiratory disease (T) | 220 | 88.4 | 118 | 90.8 | 0.472 |
WTS smokers inhale lower amount of smoke than cigarette smokers (F) | 211 | 85.1 | 114 | 87.0 | 0.607 |
WTS is less addictive than cigarette smoking (F) | 132 | 53.2 | 94 | 72.3 | < 0.001 |
The smoke of WTS is as toxic as that of cigarettes (T) | 160 | 65.0 | 94 | 72.3 | 0.152 |
An hour-long WTS session has 200 puffs, and a cigarette has 20 puffs (T) | 186 | 75.6 | 111 | 86.0 | 0.018 |
WTS has many of the same health risks of cigarettes (T) | 219 | 88.3 | 113 | 86.3 | 0.565 |
Smoke inhaled during a typical WTS session is over 100 times than smoking a cigarette (T) | 207 | 84.5 | 111 | 85.4 | 0.818 |
In comparison with cigarette smokers, WTS smokers are not at risk of decreased fertility (F) | 190 | 76.9 | 112 | 86.2 | 0.033 |
In comparison with cigarette smokers, WTS smokers are not at risk of decreased lung function (F) | 217 | 87.9 | 120 | 91.6 | 0.265 |
Smoke from maasel (herbalWTS) contains carbon monoxide (T) | 201 | 81.4 | 117 | 90.0 | 0.028 |
Secondhand smoke from WTS is not a health risk for nonsmokers (F) | 199 | 80.6 | 107 | 81.7 | 0.793 |
WTS among youth is decreasing worldwide (F) | 187 | 75.4 | 104 | 79.4 | 0.382 |