Independent variables | Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for students’ perception of gift appropriateness | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of gift or event | |||||
Stationery | Textbook | Brochure | Lunch | Seminar | |
Sex (male = 1) | 0.92 (0.82–1.04) | 1.06 (0.96–1.18) | 0.95 (0.85–1.07) | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | 0.91 (0.81–1.02) |
Physician parent (yes = 1) | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) | 1.03 (0.92–1.14) | 1.06 (0.95–1.20) | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 1.01 (0.89–1.13) |
Received prior teaching on the physician-industry relationship (yes = 1) | 1.08 (0.94–1.25) | 1.09 (0.97–1.23) | 1.27 (1.10–1.46)* | 1.04 (0.91–1.20) | 1.38 (1.20–1.59)* |
Exposure to formal curriculum (yes = 1) | 0.81 (0.69–0.95)* | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 1.04 (0.88–1.22) |
Type of school (private = 1) | 1.05 (0.93–1.20) | 1.33 (1.19–1.48)* | 0.91 (0.81–1.03) | 1.17 (1.03–1.33)* | 0.96 (0.85–1.08) |
Interaction with pharmaceutical industry (ever interacted = 1) | 1.67 (1.47–1.89)* | 3.07 (2.66–3.54)* | 1.90 (1.68–2.14)* | 1.71 (1.52–1.94)* | 1.31 (1.15–1.48)* |
Informational value (useful = 1, not useful = 0) | – | – | 2.56 (2.30–2.86)* | – | 3.23 (2.89–3.62)* |
Bias in information (not biased = 1, biased = 0) | – | – | 3.50 (2.64–4.65)* | – | 4.13 (3.13–5.46)* |
Influence on practice (not influential = 1, influential = 0) | 6.57 (5.86–7.38)* | – | – | 7.61 (6.79–8.55)* | – |