Entities with potential responsibility to reduce costs of health care | Major responsibility, n (%)b | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Practicing physicians (n = 2556) | Medical students (n = 3395) | ||||||||
Age > 60 years (n = 411) | Age 51–60 years (n = 962) | Age 41–50 years (n = 833) | Age 30–40 years (n = 350) | p-value | All yearse (n = 3395) | p-value | |||
Unadjustedc | Adjusted for sexd | Unadjustedc | Adjusted for sexd | ||||||
Health insurance companies | 224/385 (58) | 494/920 (54) | 499/804 (62) | 222/337 (66) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 2166/2933 (74) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Hospitals and health systems | 226/383 (59) | 528/917 (58) | 437/803 (54) | 182/336 (54) | 0.32 | 0.44 | 2297/2930 (78) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Pharmaceutical and device manufacturers | 217/385 (56) | 506/921 (55) | 458/803 (57) | 196/336 (58) | 0.70 | 0.003 | 1971/2932 (67) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Government | 186/382 (49) | 400/919 (44) | 333/803 (41) | 154/336 (46) | 0.11 | 0.14 | 1886/2932 (64) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Physician professional societies | 119/381 (31) | 256/917 (28) | 207/801 (26) | 85/334 (25) | 0.21 | 0.28 | 1218/2933 (42) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Employers | 81/380 (21) | 177/917 (19) | 143/798 (18) | 56/334 (17) | 0.39 | 0.45 | 860/2925 (29) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Trial lawyers | 220/383 (57) | 557/914 (61) | 486/803 (61) | 187/333 (56) | 0.34 | 0.50 | 954/2918 (33) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Patients | 203/381 (53) | 477/920 (52) | 413/803 (51) | 172/335 (51) | 0.94 | 0.03 | 706/2929 (24) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Individual practicing physicians | 153/379 (40) | 359/919 (39) | 257/804 (32) | 120/336 (36) | 0.007 | < 0.001 | 1171/2933 (40) | 0.001 | < 0.001 |