Table 2 Assessment of smoking habits according to demographic characteristics
From: Associations of smoking behavior with lifestyle and mental health among Japanese dental students
|  | Non-current smokers (%) | Regular smokers (%) | χ 2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants (n = 453) | 401 (88.5) | 52 (11.5) |  |  |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Female | 195 (48.6) | 5 (9.6) | Â | Â |
Male | 206 (51.4) | 47 (90.4) | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | 28.413 | 0.000a |
Age (years) | ||||
 mean ± SD | 21.88 ± 2.44 | 23.54 ± 2.39 | – | 0.000b |
 18–20 | 130 (32.4) | 5 (9.6) |  |  |
 21–23 | 168 (41.9) | 26 (50.0) |  |  |
 24–26 | 81 (20.2) | 12 (23.1) |  |  |
  ≥ 27 | 22 (5.5) | 9 (17.3) |  |  |
| Â | Â | Â | 18.324 | 0.000a |
Academic year | ||||
 1st | 75 (18.7) | 1 (1.9) |  |  |
 2nd | 80 (20.0) | 6 (11.5) |  |  |
 3rd | 62 (15.5) | 7 (13.5) |  |  |
 4th | 69 (17.2) | 7 (13.5) |  |  |
 5th | 53 (13.2) | 15 (28.8) |  |  |
 6th | 62 (15.5) | 16 (30.8) |  |  |
| Â | Â | Â | 23.702 | 0.000a |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | ||||
 mean ± SD | 20.85 ± 3.92 | 21.91 ± 2.55 | – | 0.070b |
  < 18.5 | 43 (14.7) | 3 (6.1) |  |  |
 18.5–24.9 | 216 (73.7) | 41 (83.7) |  |  |
  ≥ 25.0 | 34 (11.6) | 5 (10.2) |  |  |
| Â | Â | Â | 2.909 | 0.234a |