Characteristics | Phase-1 (N = 181) | P1 | Phase-2 (N = 347) | P2 | Phase-3 (N = 436) | P3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 27 ± 5.0 | 0.012 | 28 ± 5.0 | 0.900 | 28 ± 5.0 | 0.008 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 39 ± 1.7 | 0.893 | 39 ± 2.0 | 0.519 | 39 ± 2.0 | 0.683 |
BMI4 | ||||||
< 18.5 | – | – | – | |||
18.5–24.99 | 20 (11.0) | 49 (14.1) | 80 (18.3) | |||
25–29.99 | 99 (54.7) | 0.617 | 182 (52.4) | 0.194 | 205 (47.0) | 0.056 |
≥ 30 | 60 (33.1) | 113 (32.6) | 146 (33.5) | |||
Missing | 2 (1.1) | 3 (0.9) | 5 (1.1) | |||
Method of birth | ||||||
Spontaneous | 179 (98.9) | 0.101 | 334 (96.3) | 0.037 | 430 (98.6) | > 0.999 |
Vacuum | 2 (1.1) | 13 (3.7) | 6 (1.4) | |||
Fetal presentations | ||||||
Cephalic | 180 (99.4) | 342 (98.6) | 0.477 | 433 (99.3) | ||
Breech | 1 (0.6) | 0.440 | 5 (1.4) | 0.251 | 2 (0.5) | > 0.999 |
Occiput posterior | – | – | > 0.999 | 1 (0.2) | ||
Onset of labor | ||||||
Spontaneous | 167 (92.3) | 0.010 | 291 (83.9) | 0.096 | 384 (88.1) | 0.152 |
Induced | 14 (7.7) | 56 (16.1) | 52 (11.9) | |||
Second stage duration (minutes) | ||||||
< 30 | 152 (84.0) | 0.001 | 238 (68.6) | 0.505 | 327 (75.0) | 0.006 |
30–59 | 20 (11.0) | 72 (20.7) | 80 (18.3) | |||
≥ 60 | – | 9 (2.6) | 11 (2.5) | |||
Missing | 9 (5.0) | 28 (8.1) | 18 (4.1) | |||
Birthweight | ||||||
< 3000 | 33 (18.2) | 0.626 | 77 (22.2) | 0.907 | 90 (20.6) | 0.709 |
3000–3499 | 87 (48.1) | 151 (43.5) | 188 (43.1) | |||
3500–3999 | 46 (25.4) | 94 (27.1) | 122 (28.0) | |||
≥ 4000 | 15 (8.3) | 25 (7.2) | 36 (8.3) | |||
Intact Perineum | 117 (64.6) | 0.045 | 254 (73.2) | 0.210 | 337 (77.3) | 0.001 |
Episiotomy | 8 (4.4) | 0.681 | 19 (5.5) | > 0.999 | 23 (5.3) | 0.694 |
First degree tear | 25 (13.8) | 0.450 | 58 (16.7) | 0.317 | 61 (14.0) | > 0.999 |
Second degree tear | 23 (12.7) | 0.004 | 19 (5.5) | 0.760 | 27 (6.2) | 0.009 |
OASIS5 | 15 (8.3) | 0.001 | 7 (2.0) | 0.387 | 5 (1.1) | < 0.001 |