Skip to main content

Table 4 Clinical characteristics and perineal status among parous women during the three study phases

From: Impact of electronic and blended learning programs for manual perineal support on incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a prospective interventional study

Characteristics

Phase-1

(N = 181)

P1

Phase-2

(N = 347)

P2

Phase-3

(N = 436)

P3

Age (years)

27 ± 5.0

0.012

28 ± 5.0

0.900

28 ± 5.0

0.008

Gestational age (weeks)

39 ± 1.7

0.893

39 ± 2.0

0.519

39 ± 2.0

0.683

BMI4

  < 18.5

 

 

 

 18.5–24.99

20 (11.0)

 

49 (14.1)

 

80 (18.3)

 

 25–29.99

99 (54.7)

0.617

182 (52.4)

0.194

205 (47.0)

0.056

  ≥ 30

60 (33.1)

113 (32.6)

146 (33.5)

 Missing

2 (1.1)

3 (0.9)

5 (1.1)

Method of birth

 Spontaneous

179 (98.9)

0.101

334 (96.3)

0.037

430 (98.6)

> 0.999

 Vacuum

2 (1.1)

13 (3.7)

6 (1.4)

Fetal presentations

 Cephalic

180 (99.4)

 

342 (98.6)

0.477

433 (99.3)

 

 Breech

1 (0.6)

0.440

5 (1.4)

0.251

2 (0.5)

> 0.999

 Occiput posterior

> 0.999

1 (0.2)

Onset of labor

 Spontaneous

167 (92.3)

0.010

291 (83.9)

0.096

384 (88.1)

0.152

 Induced

14 (7.7)

56 (16.1)

52 (11.9)

Second stage duration (minutes)

  < 30

152 (84.0)

0.001

238 (68.6)

0.505

327 (75.0)

0.006

 30–59

20 (11.0)

72 (20.7)

80 (18.3)

  ≥ 60

9 (2.6)

11 (2.5)

 Missing

9 (5.0)

28 (8.1)

18 (4.1)

Birthweight

  < 3000

33 (18.2)

0.626

77 (22.2)

0.907

90 (20.6)

0.709

 3000–3499

87 (48.1)

151 (43.5)

188 (43.1)

 3500–3999

46 (25.4)

94 (27.1)

122 (28.0)

  ≥ 4000

15 (8.3)

25 (7.2)

36 (8.3)

Intact Perineum

117 (64.6)

0.045

254 (73.2)

0.210

337 (77.3)

0.001

Episiotomy

8 (4.4)

0.681

19 (5.5)

> 0.999

23 (5.3)

0.694

First degree tear

25 (13.8)

0.450

58 (16.7)

0.317

61 (14.0)

> 0.999

Second degree tear

23 (12.7)

0.004

19 (5.5)

0.760

27 (6.2)

0.009

OASIS5

15 (8.3)

0.001

7 (2.0)

0.387

5 (1.1)

< 0.001

  1. • Differences were assessed between each pair of the study phases
  2. • Categorical data were presented by n/N (%), and continuous variables by mean ± SD
  3. • Differences were assessed by independent t-test for continuous variables and Pearson- Pearson-χ2 test or Fisher’s Exact test (for cells with counts< 5) for categorical variables
  4. • P1; difference between phase-1 and phase-2, P2; difference between phase-2 and phase-3, P3; difference between phase-1 and phase-3
  5. • BMI4; body mass index = maternal weight in kilograms/(height in meters)2
  6. • OASIS5; obstetric anal sphincter injuries