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Table 3 Student perceptions of the Community of Inquiry in flipped classrooms in lower and higher performing groupsa

From: Enhancement of student perceptions of learner-centeredness and community of inquiry in flipped classrooms

Sub-scales

High-performers (n = 26)

Low-performers (n = 29)

M (SD)

t (p)

M (SD)

t (p)

Pre

Post

Pre

Post

Teaching presence

3.51 (.57)

3.69 (.66)

1.01 (.32)

3.29 (.67)

3.76 (.47)

4.79 (<.001)

Social presence

3.26 (.47)

3.61 (.69)

3.43 (<.01)

3.41 (.62)

3.77 (.59)

3.89 (<.01)

Cognitive presence

3.16 (.47)

3.78 (.61)

6.21 (<.001)

3.12 (.57)

3.82 (.50)

6.27 (<.001)

  1. a1 = “strongly disagree,” 5 = “strongly agree”
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BMC Medical Education

ISSN: 1472-6920

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