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Table 2 The percentage of correct answer of Student’s Patient Safety Knowledge at Pre-test and Post-test (McNemars test test)

From: Integrating patient safety education into early medical education utilizing cadaver, sponges, and an inter-professional team

Items

Pre-test,

n (%)

Post-test,

n (%)

Difference, n (%)

p-value

1. Which of the following is most likely to decrease the risk of medical errors?

    

b. Examine how the system is setting providers up to make errors and try to fix it

    

(Yes = 1, Else = 0)

162 (72.3)

185 (82.6)

23 (0.10)

0.001

2. Which of the following is true regarding medical errors?

    

c. An error that doesn’t result in any harm is an opportunity to find a hole

    

in the system and prevent future harm (Yes = 1, Else = 0)

210 (94.2)

221 (97.8)

11 (0.05)

0.039

3. A student incorrectly records a patient’s drug allergies, this is classified as what type of medical error?

    

a. Slip (Yes = 1, Else = 0)

53 (24.0)

138 (61.1)

85 (0.38)

0.000

4. A physician forgets to order a patient’s medications, this is classified as what type of medical error?

    

b. Lapse (Yes = 1, Else = 0)

145 (65.6)

212 (93.8)

67 (0.30)

0.000

5. A physician misreads a radiograph resulting in a misdiagnosis, this is classified as what type of medical error?

    

c. Mistake (Yes = 1, Else = 0)

170 (78.0)

198 (87.2)

28 (0.12)

0.006

6. A surgeon rushes the surgical team to start surgery, ignoring the charge nurse’s wishes to perform a timeout, this is classified as what type of medical error?

    

d. Violation (Yes = 1, Else = 0)

192 (87.7)

223 (98.2)

31 (0.14)

0.000

7. Which individuals are likely affected by a surgical error?

    

e. All of the answers (The patient and his family; The physician in charge of the surgery; The second-year resident assisting the physician; The nurse on the team) (Yes = 1, Else = 0)

213 (95.9)

224 (98.7)

11 (0.05)

0.031

8. Effective systems focused on ensuring safety and preventing errors require:

    

d. Collaboration of the interprofessional team with the patient and family (Yes = 1, Else = 0)

213 (97.3)

223 (99.1)

10 (0.04)

0.125

9. What is the point of a protocol?

    

a. To standardize the delivery of care and help providers perform optimally

    

(Yes = 1, Else = 0)

191 (88.8)

207 (92.0)

16 (0.07)

0.265

10. Most patient harm is the result of:

    

c. A series of system errors (Yes = 1, Else = 0)

172 (79.3)

208 (92.0)

36 (0.16)

0.000

Total score of knowledge scale (score range:1–10), mean (SD)

7.58 (1.82)

8.98 (1.22)

1.40 (1.89)

0.000