Characteristic | Ref Number | Frequency of Papers (Total papers = 62) |
---|---|---|
Location | ||
United States | [50,51,52,53,54,55, 60,61,62, 64, 65, 72, 75,76,77, 93,94,95] | 18 |
Australia | [12, 35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49, 63, 67,68,69,70,71, 73, 78,79,80,81, 84,85,86,87,88,89,90, 92] | 35 |
New Zealand | 2 | |
Thailand | [74] | 1 |
Canada | 5 | |
Africa | [57] | 1 |
Program Classification Type (note programs can be in multi-classifications if they are comparison programs | ||
Rural Clinical Placement Programs (RCP) | [35,36,37,38, 44, 46, 56, 58, 59, 64,65,66, 68, 71, 73,74,75, 81,82,83,84, 86, 89,90,91, 93, 95] | 27 |
Rural Clinical Placement Programs with specific rural, academic teaching emphasis (RCP + Edu) | 12 | |
Rural Clinical Schools Program (RCSP) | [39,40,41,42,43,44,45, 47,48,49, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 67, 69, 70, 72, 77,78,79, 85, 87, 88, 92] | 26 |
Single/multi-institution | ||
Single medical school | [12, 36, 39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47, 49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56, 60,61,62,63, 68, 69, 72, 73, 76, 78, 80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89, 93,94,95] | 42 |
More than one medical School | [35, 37, 38, 48, 57,58,59, 64,65,66,67, 70, 71, 74, 75, 77, 79, 90,91,92] | 20 |
Length of Rural Clinical Placement (RCP)(note a program may have multiple durations) | ||
Less than 4 weeks | 6 | |
4 weeks and up to 12 weeks | 11 | |
More than 12 weeks but less than 24 | 7 | |
6 to 12 months | [36,37,38, 46, 55, 58, 61, 68, 73, 75, 82, 84, 86, 89, 93, 94] | 16 |
2 years plus | 6 | |
Unclassifiable/no set Placement length | 5 | |
Length of time in an RCSP evaluated program (note a program may be looking at multiple durations) | ||
Less than 4 weeks | 2 | |
4 weeks and up to one 12 weeks | 3 | |
More than 1 term (12 weeks) and up to 1 year | 14 | |
More than a year in a RCS | 12 | |
Specific placement length not reported | 2 | |
Objective of Intervention (simplified to rural intention or long-term follow-up for each study) | ||
Increase intention to practice rurally | 15 | |
Follow up to identify if a rural clinical intervention impacted on rural workforce participation | [36, 39, 41, 43, 44, 46, 49, 51, 53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67, 69, 71,72,73,74,75, 77,78,79, 83, 84, 86, 87, 94, 95] | 38 |
Intention and follow up for actual rural location | 9 | |
Timing of the Evaluation | ||
Pre-and post-intervention Survey | 10 | |
Post intervention survey Only (no follow up tracking) | 5 | |
Pre, post and follow-up post-graduation tracking | 9 | |
Post survey and post follow up tracking | 9 | |
Graduate Follow up Tracking only | [41, 43, 46, 49, 51, 53,54,55, 57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67, 69, 72, 75, 77,78,79, 83, 84, 87, 94, 95] | 30 |
Comparison/Control Groups | ||
Studies using a control | [36, 50, 52,53,54,55, 57,58,59,60, 62, 63, 65, 66, 69, 72, 74, 77,78,79, 81, 83, 93, 95] | 24 |
No control/comparison group | [12, 35, 37, 40, 42, 45, 48, 67, 70, 80, 84,85,86, 88, 89, 94] | 16 |
Comparison groups but no non-intervention control group | [38, 39, 43, 44, 46, 56, 64, 68, 71, 73, 75, 82, 87, 90,91,92] | 16 |
Comparison groups which include a control group | 6 | |
Random allocation of students to intervention | – | 0 |
Volunteer Status for participation in the Rural Program/School/Immersion | ||
Volunteer Program | [35,36,37, 39,40,41,42,43, 46,47,48,49,50,51,52, 54,55,56, 58,59,60,61,62,63,64, 66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73, 76,77,78,79, 81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95] | 52 |
Non-Volunteer | 6 | |
N/A/multiple programs/unknown | 4 | |
Data Collection Method (studies may use more than one method) | ||
Questionnaire/Survey | [12, 35, 38,39,40, 42,43,44,45, 47,48,49,50, 52, 56, 58, 59, 61, 64, 67,68,69,70,71, 73, 76, 79,80,81,82, 84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92, 95] | 40 |
Interviews | 8 | |
Medical Schools Outcomes Database (MSOD) (National) | 7 | |
MUSOM Alumni Association database, Residency, Match Program, The American Board of Medical Specialties | 3 | |
Alumni Records (Local) | [35, 40, 44, 46, 49, 50, 52, 53, 55, 57, 60, 62, 63, 66, 69, 72, 74, 76, 78, 79, 83, 86, 93,94,95] | 25 |
Other databases (Local) | [40, 46, 51, 53, 55, 59, 60, 62, 65, 74, 76, 82,83,84, 93, 94] | 16 |
AHPRA (National) | 6 | |
Internet/email/Phone | [35, 39, 40, 43, 51, 52, 64, 69, 74, 76, 82, 84, 86, 88, 94, 95] | 16 |
American association Masterfile (AMA) (National) | 10 | |
Focus Groups | 3 | |
Methods of Quantitative Analysis | ||
Accounted for rural confounders/impacting factors through statistical analysis | [12, 36, 38,39,40,41,42, 44, 45, 47,48,49, 51,52,53, 55, 56, 58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66, 68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79, 81,82,83,84,85, 87,88,89,90,91, 93, 95] | 50 |
Did not include rural confounders/impacting factors in statistical calculations (i.e. did not adjust) Inferential statistics, unadjusted) | 12 | |
Sample Size (Includes both intervention/control/comparison group if applicable) | ||
Less than 100 | 14 | |
100–500 | [12, 35, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 47,48,49, 54, 56,57,58,59, 62, 67, 68, 70, 83, 90, 91, 94, 95] | 24 |
500+ | [36, 38, 41, 43, 46, 51,52,53, 55, 60, 61, 63,64,65,66, 69, 71, 72, 74,75,76,77,78,79] | 24 |
Consent or Participant Rate (Depending on the study/type of study and reporting) | ||
Below 50% | 11 | |
50–80% | [39, 40, 44, 45, 48, 49, 51, 56, 64, 67, 68, 70, 80, 82, 84,85,86] | 17 |
81–100% | [12, 36, 38, 41,42,43, 46, 50, 52,53,54,55, 57, 60,61,62,63, 65, 66, 72, 74,75,76,77,78, 83, 87, 89, 92,93,94,95] | 32 |
Not reported | 2 |