Fig. 3
The factors predisposing to the prevalence of academic misconduct among academics. a The perceived significance of various predisposing factors leading to academic misconduct among academics, as rated by respondents (n = 141). This was scored from 1 to 3 where, 1 = Low significance; 2 = Moderate significance; 3 = High significance. The factors were ranked from the most likely factor (highest score) to the least likely factor (lowest score). Different lowercase letters above the error bars indicate statistically significant differences (*p < 0.05; Least Statistical Difference (LSD) post hoc test). b The average score of each predisposing factor ± standard deviation from healthcare academics was compared to non-healthcare academics. Asterisks (*) indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05, independent t-test)