Fig. 1

Prevalence of dishonest acts among academics. a The prevalence of any form of dishonest acts either encountered personally or through hearsay among peers, as reported by respondents (n = 141). Each form of academic misconduct was scored from 0 to 1, where 0 = have not heard/encountered; 0.5 = Hearsay/rumours; 1 = Direct personal encounter. Bars represent the average score ± standard deviation for each dishonest act. The dishonest acts were ranked from the most encountered (highest score) to the least encountered (lowest score). Different lowercase letters above the error bars indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05; Least Statistical Difference (LSD) post hoc test). b The average score of each dishonest act ± standard deviation from healthcare academics was compared to non-healthcare academics. Asterisks (*) indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05, independent t-test)