Fig. 1

Study procedures. Residents participating as team leaders were recruited to the study immediately after the simulation session, and those who consented completed the IMI and indicated whether they were interested in written feedback. Those interested received feedback via e-mail, with a link to survey questions about career choice and the opportunity to request additional feedback in an in-person session. Those who indicated interest were prompted to e-mail the study investigator with potential dates and times for the session. These study procedures led to 3 study groups: Group A: low effort feedback-seeking; Group B: intended high effort feedback-seeking; Group C: actual high effort feedback-seeking