Independent variable | Value | Comment | Expectation | Reform | Ability | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean(SD) | P-value | Mean(SD) | P-value | Mean(SD) | P-value | Mean(SD) | P-value | Mean(SD) | P-value | ||
Sum | 3.50(0.56) | 3.66 (0.58) | 4.29 (0.46) | 3.84(0.49) | 3.39 (0.63) | ||||||
Age | < 25 | 3.54 (0.45) | 0.35 | 3.70 (0.48) | 0.29 | 4.19 (0.40) | < 0.01 | 3.81 (0.41) | 0.45 | 3.52(0.51) | < 0.01 |
≥25 | 3.49 (0.54) | 3.64 (0.56) | 4.33 (0.43) | 3.85 (0.46) | 3.34 (0.60) | ||||||
Gender | Male | 3.52 (0.58) | 0.16 | 3.67 (0.59) | 0.32 | 4.31 (0.44) | 0.46 | 3.85 (0.50) | 0.43 | 3.45 (0.63) | 0.29 |
Female | 3.44 (0.53) | 3.61 (0.59) | 4.27 (0.48) | 3.81 (0.49) | 3.38 (0.58) | ||||||
Degree | Academic | 3.49 (0.56) | 0.46 | 3.66 (0.57) | 0.77 | 4.29 (0.45) | 0.91 | 3.86 (0.48) | 0.17 | 3.44 (0.63) | 0.01 |
Professional | 3.53 (0.57) | 3.64 (0.61) | 4.30 (0.48) | 3.79 (0.49) | 3.29 (0.61) | ||||||
Specialty | Clinical | 3.34 (0.62) | 0.01 | 3.46 (0.54) | 0.01 | 3.63 (0.60) | 0.72 | 4.27 (0.45) | 0.02 | 3.83 (0.48) | 0.84 |
Research | 3.56 (0.58) | 3.65 (0.63) | 3.70 (0.62) | 4.40 (0.48) | 3.84 (0.55) | ||||||
Others | 3.40 (0.68) | 3.50 (0.52) | 3.64 (0.61) | 4.21 (0.47) | 3.86 (0.40) | ||||||
Logical thinking | Poor and very poor | 3.19 (0.55) | < 0.01 | 3.59 (0.55) | 0.01 | 4.14 (0.38) | 0.10 | 3.77 (0.35) | 0.13 | 3.07 (0.53) | < 0.01 |
Neutral | 3.42 (0.55) | 3.59 (0.59) | 4.29 (0.46) | 3.80 (0.49) | 3.32 (0.64) | ||||||
Good and very good | 3.65 (0.54) | 3.75 (0.58) | 4.31 (0.47) | 3.89 (0.50) | 3.54 (0.59) | ||||||
Mathmetical basics | Poor and very poor | 3.31 (0.53) | < 0.01 | 3.51 (0.56) | < 0.01 | 4.30 (0.45) | 0.46 | 3.76 (0.48) | 0.11 | 3.18 (0.66) | < 0.01 |
Neutral | 3.52 (0.51) | 3.66 (0.60) | 4.30 (0.47) | 3.87 (0.48) | 3.38 (0.60) | ||||||
Good and very good | 3.66 (0.67) | 3.78 (0.55) | 4.24 (0.46) | 3.83 (0.49) | 3.64 (0.58) | ||||||
Computer basics | Poor and very poor | 3.30 (0.66) | < 0.01 | 3.55 (0.57) | 0.38 | 4.21 (0.44) | 0.18 | 3.81 (0.45) | 0.76 | 3.06 (0.66) | < 0.01 |
Neutral | 3.53 (0.50) | 3.66 (0.58) | 4.30 (0.46) | 3.85 (0.47) | 3.46 (0.59) | ||||||
Good and very good | 3.60 (0.59) | 3.72 (0.58) | 4.32 (0.47) | 3.84 (0.55) | 3.49 (0.60) | ||||||
Research experience | None | 3.38 (0.54) | < 0.01 | 3.65 (0.55) | 0.87 | 4.20 (0.48) | < 0.01 | 3.80 (0.46) | 0.16 | 3.24 (0.60) | < 0.01 |
Yes | 3.58 (0.56) | 3.66 (0.61) | 4.35 (0.44) | 3.86 (0.50) | 3.50 (0.62) |