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Table 3 Correlations of single TESS items and the TESS score with external criteria

From: Identifying low test-taking effort during low-stakes tests with the new Test-taking Effort Short Scale (TESS) – development and psychometrics

Internal criterion

External criterion

N

r

p

r 2

Convergent validity

 TESS item 1

Short Scale of Intrinsic Motivation [31]

1333

.52

<.001

.27

 TESS item 2

Perceived Usefulness Scale [32] (German translation)

1377

.57

< .001

.32

 TESS item 3

Cost#

1380

−.34

< .001

.12

Discriminant validity

 TESS score

Repetition scale of the LIST [34]

1195

.06

<.05

.00

  1. N number of participants, r product-moment correlation, p p-value, r2 effect size, # item “To what extent do you feel that sitting the BPT keeps you from your other duties?” (reverse coded)