TY - STD TI - Rimmer A. Five facts about the gender pay gap in UK medicine. BMJ : Br Med J (Online). 2016;354 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i3878. ID - ref1 ER - TY - STD TI - Parks AL, Redberg RF. Women in Medicine and Patient Outcomes: Equal Rights for Better Work? JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177(2):161. ID - ref2 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jena, A. B. AU - Olenski, A. R. AU - Blumenthal, D. M. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Sex differences in physician salary in us public medical schools JO - JAMA Intern Med VL - 176 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3284 DO - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.3284 ID - Jena2016 ER - TY - STD TI - Filardo G, da Graca B, Sass DM, Pollock BD, Smith EB, Martinez MA. Trends and comparison of female first authorship in high impact medical journals: observational study (1994-2014). BMJ. 2016;352 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i847. ID - ref4 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sidhu, R. AU - Rajashekhar, P. AU - Lavin, V. L. AU - Parry, J. AU - Attwood, J. AU - Holdcroft, A. AU - Sanders, D. S. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - The gender imbalance in academic medicine: a study of female authorship in the United Kingdom JO - J R Soc Med VL - 102 UR - https://doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.2009.080378 DO - 10.1258/jrsm.2009.080378 ID - Sidhu2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Unwin, E. AU - Woolf, K. AU - Wadlow, C. AU - Potts, H. W. W. AU - Dacre, J. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Sex differences in medico-legal action against doctors: a systematic review and meta-analysis JO - BMC Med VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0413-5 DO - 10.1186/s12916-015-0413-5 ID - Unwin2015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Unwin, E. AU - Woolf, K. AU - Wadlow, C. AU - Dacre, J. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Disciplined doctors: does the sex of a doctor matter? A cross-sectional study examining the association between a doctor's sex and receiving sanctions against their medical registration JO - BMJ Open VL - 4 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005405 DO - 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005405 ID - Unwin2014 ER - TY - STD TI - Tsugawa Y, Jena AB, Figueroa JF, Orav E, Blumenthal DM, Jha AK. Comparison of hospital mortality and readmission rates for medicare patients treated by male vs female physicians. JAMA Intern Med. 2016; https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7875. ID - ref8 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dewhurst, N. G. AU - McManus, C. AU - Mollon, J. AU - Dacre, J. E. AU - Vale, A. J. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Performance in the MRCP (UK) examination 2003-4: analysis of pass rates of UK graduates in relation to self-declared ethnicity and gender JO - BMC Med VL - 5 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-5-8 DO - 10.1186/1741-7015-5-8 ID - Dewhurst2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Esmail, A. AU - Roberts, C. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Academic performance of ethnic minority candidates and discrimination in the MRCGP examinations between 2010 and 2012: analysis of data JO - BMJ VL - 347 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5662 DO - 10.1136/bmj.f5662 ID - Esmail2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - MacLellan, A. M. AU - Brailovsky, C. AU - Rainsberry, P. AU - Bowmer, I. AU - Desrochers, M. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Examination outcomes for international medical graduates pursuing or completing family medicine residency training in Quebec JO - Can Fam Physician VL - 56 ID - MacLellan2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wakeford, R. AU - Denney, M. AU - Ludka-Stempien, K. AU - Dacre, J. AU - McManus, I. C. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Cross-comparison of MRCGP & MRCP (UK) in a database linkage study of 2,284 candidates taking both examinations: assessment of validity and differential performance by ethnicity JO - BMC Med Educ VL - 15 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-014-0281-2 DO - 10.1186/s12909-014-0281-2 ID - Wakeford2015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Woolf, K. AU - Potts, H. W. AU - McManus, I. C. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Ethnicity and academic performance in UK trained doctors and medical students: systematic review and meta-analysis JO - BMJ VL - 342 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d901 DO - 10.1136/bmj.d901 ID - Woolf2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Karnik, A. AU - Venkatesh, B. AU - Angelico, D. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Analysis of performance and predictors of success in the final fellowship examination of the College of Intensive Care Medicine JO - Crit Care Resusc VL - 17 ID - Karnik2015 ER - TY - BOOK PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Leaving our mark: 2014-2015 annual report PB - Medical Council of Canada CY - Ottawa ID - ref15 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Falcone, J. L. AU - Middleton, D. B. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Performance on the American Board of Family Medicine Certification Examination by country of medical training JO - J Am Board Fam Med VL - 26 UR - https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2013.01.120207 DO - 10.3122/jabfm.2013.01.120207 ID - Falcone2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stegers-Jager, K. M. AU - Steyerberg, E. W. AU - Cohen-Schotanus, J. AU - Themmen, A. P. N. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Ethnic disparities in undergraduate pre-clinical and clinical performance JO - Med Educ VL - 46 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04265.x DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04265.x ID - Stegers-Jager2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elder, A. AU - McAlpine, L. AU - Bateman, N. AU - Dacre, J. AU - Kopelman, P. AU - McManus, C. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Changing PACES: developments to the examination in 2009 JO - Clin Med VL - 11 UR - https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.11-3-231 DO - 10.7861/clinmedicine.11-3-231 ID - Elder2011 ER - TY - BOOK AU - FoRCoPot, U. K. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Candidate prospectus for MRCP (UK) diploma and specialty certificate examinations ID - FoRCoPot2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dacre, J. AU - Besser, M. AU - White, P. AU - Board, M. C. E. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - MRCP (UK) PART 2 clinical examination (PACES): a review of the first four examination sessions (June 2001 - July 2002) JO - Clin Med (Lond) VL - 3 UR - https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.3-5-452 DO - 10.7861/clinmedicine.3-5-452 ID - Dacre2003 ER - TY - STD TI - MRCP (UK) examinations - PACES: UK & International centres [https://www.mrcpuk.org/mrcpuk-examinations/paces/uk-international-centres]. Accessed 5 Apr 2018. UR - https://www.mrcpuk.org/mrcpuk-examinations/paces/uk-international-centres ID - ref21 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McManus, I. C. AU - Ludka, K. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Resitting a high-stakes postgraduate medical examination on multiple occasions: nonlinear multilevel modelling of performance in the MRCP (UK) examinations JO - BMC Med VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-60 DO - 10.1186/1741-7015-10-60 ID - McManus2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - von Elm, E. AU - Altman, D. G. AU - Egger, M. AU - Pocock, S. J. AU - Gotzsche, P. C. AU - Vandenbroucke, J. P. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies JO - PLoS Med VL - 4 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296 DO - 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296 ID - von Elm2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Verma, A. AU - Griffin, A. AU - Dacre, J. AU - Elder, A. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Exploring cultural and linguistic influences on clinical communication skills: a qualitative study of international medical graduates JO - BMC Med Educ VL - 16 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0680-7 DO - 10.1186/s12909-016-0680-7 ID - Verma2016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Woolf, K. AU - McManus, I. C. AU - Potts, H. W. AU - Dacre, J. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - The mediators of minority ethnic underperformance in final medical school examinations JO - Br J Educ Psychol VL - 83 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.2011.02060.x DO - 10.1111/j.2044-8279.2011.02060.x ID - Woolf2013 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Wakeford, R. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Membership of the Royal College of general practitioners annual report (august 2014 – July 2015) on the results of the AKT and CSA assessments PB - Royal College of General Practitioners CY - London ID - Wakeford2016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Richens, D. AU - Graham, T. R. AU - James, J. AU - Till, H. AU - Turner, P. G. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Featherstone C: racial and gender influences on pass rates for the UK and Ireland specialty board examinations JO - J Surg Educ VL - 73 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2015.08.003 DO - 10.1016/j.jsurg.2015.08.003 ID - Richens2016 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Unwin, E. AU - Viney, R. AU - Dacre, J. AU - Potts, H. W. W. AU - Woolf, K. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Sex differences in doctors’ examination performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis (manuscript in preparation) ID - Unwin2017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Veloski, J. AU - Callahan, C. A. AU - Xu, G. AU - Hojat, M. AU - Nash, D. B. PY - 2000 DA - 2000// TI - Prediction of Students’ performances on licensing examinations using age, race, sex, undergraduate GPAs, and MCAT scores JO - Acad Med VL - 75 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200010001-00009 DO - 10.1097/00001888-200010001-00009 ID - Veloski2000 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Andriole, D. A. AU - Jeffe, D. B. AU - Hageman, H. L. AU - Whelan, A. J. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - What predicts USMLE step 3 performance? JO - Acad Med VL - 80 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200510001-00009 DO - 10.1097/00001888-200510001-00009 ID - Andriole2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boulet, J. R. AU - McKinley, D. W. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Investigating gender-related construct-irrelevant components of scores on the written assessment exercise of a high-stakes certification assessment JO - Adv Health Sci Educ VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-004-4297-y DO - 10.1007/s10459-004-4297-y ID - Boulet2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rothman, A. I. AU - Cohen, R. AU - Ross, J. AU - Poldre, P. AU - Dawson, B. PY - 1995 DA - 1995// TI - Station gender bias in multiple-station test of clinical skills JO - Acad Med VL - 70 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199501000-00012 DO - 10.1097/00001888-199501000-00012 ID - Rothman1995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van Zanten, M. AU - Boulet, J. R. AU - McKinley, D. W. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Correlates of performance of the ECFMG clinical skills assessment: influences of candidate characteristics on performance JO - Acad Med VL - 78 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200310001-00023 DO - 10.1097/00001888-200310001-00023 ID - van Zanten2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Woolf, K. AU - Haq, I. AU - McManus, I. C. AU - Higham, J. AU - Dacre, J. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Exploring the underperformance of male and minority ethnic medical students in first year clinical examinations JO - Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-007-9067-1 DO - 10.1007/s10459-007-9067-1 ID - Woolf2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Roter, D. L. AU - Hall, J. A. AU - Aoki, Y. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - Physician gender effects in medical communication: a meta-analytic review JO - JAMA VL - 288 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.6.756 DO - 10.1001/jama.288.6.756 ID - Roter2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chambers, K. A. AU - Boulet, J. R. AU - Furman, G. E. PY - 2001 DA - 2001// TI - Are interpersonal skills ratings influenced by gender in a clinical skills assessment using standardized patients? JO - Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract VL - 6 UR - https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012606419116 DO - 10.1023/A:1012606419116 ID - Chambers2001 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clack, G. B. AU - Head, J. O. PY - 1999 DA - 1999// TI - Gender differences in medical graduates’ assessment of their personal attributes JO - Med Educ VL - 33 UR - https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00268.x DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00268.x ID - Clack1999 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Colliver, J. A. PY - 1993 DA - 1993// TI - Effects of examinee gender, standardized-patient gender, and their interaction on standardized Patients’ ratings of Examinees’ interpersonal and communication skills JO - Acad Med VL - 68 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199302000-00013 DO - 10.1097/00001888-199302000-00013 ID - Colliver1993 ER - TY - STD TI - Inglehart MR, Brown DR. Gender differences in values and their impact on academic achievement. In: 10th annual meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology. San Francisco: The International Society of Political Psychology; 1987. ID - ref39 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Woolf, K. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - The academic underperformance of medical students from ethnic minorities PB - University College London CY - London ID - Woolf2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McManus, I. C. AU - Elder, A. T. AU - Dacre, J. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Investigating possible ethnicity and sex bias in clinical examiners: an analysis of data from the MRCP (UK) PACES and nPACES examinations JO - BMC Med Educ VL - 13 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-103 DO - 10.1186/1472-6920-13-103 ID - McManus2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ramakrishnan, A. AU - Sambuco, D. AU - Jagsi, R. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Women's participation in the medical profession: insights from experiences in Japan, Scandinavia, Russia, and Eastern Europe JO - J Women's Health VL - 23 UR - https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2014.4736 DO - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4736 ID - Ramakrishnan2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Akl, E. A. AU - Maroun, N. AU - Major, S. AU - Chahoud, B. AU - Schünemann, H. J. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Graduates of Lebanese medical schools in the United States: an observational study of international migration of physicians JO - BMC Health Serv Res VL - 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-7-49 DO - 10.1186/1472-6963-7-49 ID - Akl2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Akl, E. A. AU - Maroun, N. AU - Major, S. AU - Afif, C. AU - Abdo, A. AU - Choucair, J. AU - Sakr, M. AU - Li, C. K. AU - Grant, B. J. AU - Schünemann, H. J. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Post-graduation migration intentions of students of Lebanese medical schools: a survey study JO - BMC Public Health VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-191 DO - 10.1186/1471-2458-8-191 ID - Akl2008 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Ludka-Stempien, K. PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Predictive validity of the examinoation for the membership of the royal COlleges of physicians of the United Kingdom PB - University College London CY - London ID - Ludka-Stempien2015 ER -