Experiences of pressure to conform in postgraduate medical education

BMC Medical Education

Table 2 Mean pressure to conform based on environmental characteristics

Groups	Mean (SD)	p
Surgical and non-surgical programs t (164) = 0.43		= .67
Surgical	2.27 (0.63)
Non-surgical	2.31 (0.55)
Size of program F(2163) = 0.37		= .69
<6 residents	2.33 (0.41)
6–20 residents	2.24 (0.58)
>20 residents	2.32 (0.60)
Type of educational encounter t (50) = −5.50, d = 0.59		= .000
Formal	2.17 (0.79)
Informal	2.65 (0.83)
Participants/hierarchy F(3.32, 255.86) = 21.30, *partial eta squared = 0.22		= .000
Clerks or lower year residents	1.77 (0.73)
Same year or psychologically near residents	2.26 (0.73)
Patients and their families	2.24 (0.85)
Nurses or other health care professionals	2.31 (0.88)
Higher year residents or staff	2.49 (0.66)
Rotation type t(21) = 1.97		= .06
Home service	2.24 (0.58)
Off-service	2.21 (0.58)

*Note Mauchly’s Test of Sphericity was significant thus Greenhouse-Geisser is reported

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