Table 1 Unified Model of Validity: The five sources of validity to support construct validity^a

Content

Refers to themes, wording, and format of items, and includes expert review and other systematic item development strategies.

Response Process

Is about the actions and thought processes of the test-users (including scoring) that reduce the likelihood of response error.

Internal Structure

Concerns acceptable reliability and factor structure.

Relation to Other Variables

Concerns correlation with scores from other instruments.

Consequences

Is about the soundness of test score based decisions.