Fig. 2

Individual student scores within groups (a–g) and overall under old and new methods. Membership of teams in the all groups panel is indicated by shade of gray. Dashed lines indicate mean within groups, and the solid line is the line of equality. Ordering of students within groups was preserved, while ordering within the class was quite closely preserved (panel h, score correlation r = 0.86, p < 0.001) when moving to the new system, although individuals who contributed more to their groups, as measured by their peers, benefitted under the new system, while those who did not contribute much to their team were penalized