Table 1 Descriptive analyses and factor solution for the modified Likert items with three categories
Study 1 (n = 922) | Study 2 (n = 2740) | Factor solution | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Item | Mean (SD) | Median | Skew | Kurtosis | # imputed | Ceiling % | Floor % | Mean (SD) | Median | Skew | Kurtosis | # imputed | Ceiling % | Floor % | Cronbach’s alpha (if item removed) | Factor loadings |
Factor 1: core teaching skills | 0,892 | |||||||||||||||
1) Session is well structured. | 4,4 (0,81) | 5 | −1,3 | 1,44 | 7 | 55,1 | 0,4 | 4,3 (0,82) | 4 | -1,15 | 1,09 | 28 | 49,6 | 0,5 | 0,881 | −0,493 |
2) Provided learning materials enhance understanding. | 4,4 (0,79) | 5 | −1,45 | 2,23 | 8 | 56 | 0,7 | 4,3 (0,84) | 4 | −1,26 | 1,49 | 49 | 50 | 0,8 | 0,879 | −0,619 |
3) Congruence between learning objectives and actual content. | 4,3 (0,95) | 5 | −1,47 | 2,07 | 63 | 50,6 | 2,5 | 4,3 (0,87) | 5 | −1,54 | 2,66 | 128 | 51,3 | 1,8 | 0,884 | −0,681 |
4) Teacher behaves respectfully towards students. | 4,7 (0,59) | 5 | −2,88 | 10,76 | 18 | 79 | 0,6 | 4,8 (0,5) | 5 | −3 | 11,78 | 25 | 82,7 | 0,2 | 0,886 | −0,855 |
5) Teacher comments students’ contributions and answers questions. | 4,6 (0,74) | 5 | −2,04 | 4,99 | 49 | 67,7 | 0,9 | 4,6 (0,7) | 5 | −2,17 | 5,64 | 119 | 69,9 | 0,7 | 0,882 | −0,698 |
6) Goal communication | 3,8 (1,35) | 4 | −0,87 | −0,49 | 53 | 43,2 | 10,4 | 4,2 (1,1) | 5 | −1,3 | 0,89 | 138 | 51,8 | 3,9 | 0,897 | −0,689 |
7) Teacher enhances students’ interest in subject matter | 3,9 (1,08) | 4 | −0,73 | −0,33 | 131 | 38,1 | 2,2 | 3,8 (1,03) | 4 | −0,64 | −0,25 | 42 | 31,6 | 2,2 | 0,877 | −0,557 |
8) Teacher elucidates logical connections | 4,3 (0,85) | 4 | −1,26 | 1,66 | 15 | 49,2 | 1,1 | 4,2 (0,85) | 4 | −0,93 | 0,52 | 48 | 41,6 | 0,4 | 0,875 | −0,694 |
9) Use of examples relevant for practice | 4,3 (0,92) | 5 | −1,36 | 1,36 | 20 | 56 | 1,2 | 4,2 (0,94) | 4 | −1,18 | 0,85 | 57 | 49,7 | 1,2 | 0,876 | −0,798 |
10) Teacher expresses him−/herself clearly | 4,5 (0,76) | 5 | −1,92 | 3,92 | 21 | 67,3 | 0,6 | 4,5 (0,77) | 5 | −1,8 | 3,64 | 51 | 62,5 | 0,8 | 0,879 | −0,818 |
Factor 2: student activation skills | 0,807 | |||||||||||||||
11) Adequate balance between didactic teaching and student participation | 3,7 (1,16) | 4 | −0,57 | −0,55 | 13 | 30,7 | 4,8 | 3,6 (1,21) | 4 | −0,38 | −0,88 | 62 | 28 | 5,3 | NAa | 0,677 |
12) Teacher asks questions to check student learning outcome | 3,6 (1,24) | 4 | −0,53 | −0,8 | 31 | 32,2 | 6,3 | 3,2 (1,27) | 3 | −0,11 | −1,03 | 109 | 19,7 | 10,6 | NAa | 0,934 |
Factor 3: student workload | 0,872 | |||||||||||||||
13) Teaching pitched to the student level | 4,4 (0,72) | 5 | −1,26 | 1,57 | 9 | 56 | 0,2 | 4,3 (0,76) | 4 | −1,14 | 1,4 | 21 | 48,3 | 0,3 | NAa | 0,916 |
14) Amount of content covered is appropriate | 4,3 (0,82) | 5 | −1,24 | 1,34 | 6 | 52,4 | 0,6 | 4,2 (0,93) | 4 | −1,15 | 1,09 | 26 | 43,2 | 1,6 | NAa | 0,946 |