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Table 1 Overall shift in participants’ responses (n = 128) from the pre to the post questionnaire geriatric attitude scale (adapted with permission by Reuben, et al., 1998 [18]

From: Do photographs, older adults’ narratives and collaborative dialogue foster anticipatory reflection (“preflection”) in medical students?

Item

Pre-test % positive responses

│Z│a

p

Shift in responses

Effect size

1. Most older people are pleasant to be with

84

2.819

<0.01

Positive

Medium

(r = 0.49)

2. If I have the choice, I would rather see younger patients than older ones

27

5.317

<<0.01

Positive

Large

(r = 0.76)

3. It is society’s responsibility to provide care for older persons

89

0.333

>0.01

Not Significant

 

4. Medical care for older people uses up too much human and material resources

63

2.629

<0.01

Positive

Medium

(r = 0.38)

5. As people grow older, they become less organized and more confused

27

6.017

<<0.01

Positive

Large

(r = 0.80)

6. Older patients tend to be more appreciative of the social work care I provide than are younger patients

63

1.178

>0.01

Not Significant

 

7. Taking a medical history from older patients is frequently an ordeal

27

3.126

<0.01

Positive

Medium

(r = 0.46)

8. I tend to pay more attention and have more sympathy towards my older patients than my younger patients

26

4.241

<<0.01

Positive

Large

(r = 0.65)

9. Older people in general do not contribute much to society

85

2.135

>0.01

Not Significant

 

10. Treatment of chronically ill older patients is hopeless

95

1.658

>0.01

Not Significant

 

11. Older persons don’t contribute their fair share towards paying for their health care

84

2.652

<0.01

Positive

Medium

(r = 0.43)

12. In general, older persons act too slowly for modern society

77

1.762

>0.01

Not Significant

 

13. It is interesting listening to older people’s accounts of their past experiences

85

3.865

<<0.01

Positive

Large

(r = 0.62)

  1. aWilcoxon Signed Ranks Test