| Number of publications (total number) | Number of publications (lead authorships) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | male | Â | female | male | Â | female |
 Mean (SD) | 1.98 (3.64) |  | 1.15 (2.67) | 0.42 (1.03) |  | 0.25 (0.86) |
Final grade of the doctorate | excellent | very good | good/satisfactory | excellent | very good | good/satisfactory |
 Mean (SD) | 3.8 (5.68) | 1.76 (3.13) | 0.58 (1.57) | 0.82 (1.38) | 0.39 (1.05) | 0.11 (0.46) |
Participation in a structured doctoral study program | yes | Â | no | yes | Â | no |
 Mean (SD) | 2.82 (5.41) |  | 1.39 (2.87) | 0.74 (1.51) |  | 0.29 (0.87) |