Table 2 Risk of bias assessment of the 16 included randomized controlled studies
From: Effectiveness of problem-based learning in Chinese pharmacy education: a meta-analysis
Study ID | Randomization | Allocation concealment | Blinding | Incomplete data report | Selective data report | Other bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(a) participants blinded | ||||||
(b) operator blinded | ||||||
(c) assessor blinded | ||||||
(d) statistician blinded | ||||||
Che [18] | Yes | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Du et al. [19] | Yes | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Fang et al. [20] | Yes | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Ge et al. [21] | Unclear | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Huang et al. [22] | Unclear | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Li [23] | Unclear | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Pu [24] | Yes | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Shen [25] | Yes | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Wang et al. [27] | Yes | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Wang et al. [26] | Yes | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Yang et al. [28] | Yes | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Yang & Li [29] | Unclear | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Yu et al. [30] | Yes | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Zhang [31] | Yes | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Zhang et al. [32] | Unclear | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear | ||||||
Zhuo & Wu [33] | Yes | Unclear | (a) Unclear | None | None | None |
(b) Unclear | ||||||
(c) Unclear | ||||||
(d) Unclear |