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Table 2 Average Likert score for pre and post-trip students’ concerns

From: Medical and pharmacy student concerns about participating on international service-learning trips

Student Concern

Pre-tripa

Post-tripb

P-valuec

Disease/Epidemics

3.34

4.60

< .001

Language

3.74

3.37

.079

Monetary Issues

3.80

4.60

< .001

Food

3.83

4.60

< .001

Travel

3.86

4.51

< .001

Group Dynamics

3.91

4.37

.081

Natural Disasters

3.94

4.94

< .001

Hospitality

3.94

4.74

.001

Cultural Barriers

4.14

4.46

.047

Terrorism

4.34

4.94

< .001

Religious Barriers

4.43

4.71

.096

  1. a. Lower values indicate higher levels of concern
  2. b. Likert scale 1–5 with 1 – Extreme Concern and 5 – Minimal Concern
  3. c. P value ≤ .05 indicates statistical significance