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Table 1 Summary of articles identified in the search (n = 10)

From: Measuring evidence-based practice knowledge and skills in occupational therapy—a brief instrument

Author (year)

Original source (date)/Name of instrument (where applicable)

Location

Participants

Study design

EBP attributes measured

Instrument structure

Purpose of instrument

Bennett, Tooth, McKenna, Rodger, Strong, Ziviani, Mickan and Gibson [29]

Adapted from McColl, Smith, White and Field [30]

Australia

Members of OT Australia (n = 649)

Cross-sectional

Confidence in skills related to the acquire and appraise steps in the EBP process

Self-report with 4 sections; 5 questions with a 5-point rating scale for this attribute

Descriptive

Dysart & Tomlin [31]

NA

United States

Random sample of members of the American Occupational Therapy Association (n = 209)

Cross-sectional

Skills

Self-report with 3 sections containing dichotomous, 4-point scale, 5-point Likert scale and open-ended responses

Descriptive

MacDermid, Solomon, Law, Russell and Stratford [5]

Modified knowledge, attitude and behavior questionnaire [15]

Canada

Physical and occupational therapists (n = 144)

Randomised controlled trial

Knowledge

Subjective (self-report) and objective items using mainly 5-point scales, dichotomous scales and numerical items

Evaluative

McCluskey [32]

Adapted from Upton and Lewis [33]

New South Wales, Australia

OTs attending an EBP workshop (n = 67)

Cross-sectional

Knowledge and skills related to the ask, acquire, appraise and apply steps

Self-report containing 7 items for knowledge and skills respectively; 3-point rating scale

Descriptive

McCluskey and Lovarini [6]

Based on Bennett, Tooth, McKenna, Rodger, Strong, Ziviani, Mickan and Gibson [29] and Upton and Lewis [33]

Australia

OTs attending an EBP workshop (n = 114)

Before-after study

Knowledge and perceived skill in the ask, acquire, appraise and apply steps

Self-report with 17 items in Section 3 measuring these attributes; mix of objective and self-report items; 3-point rating scale

Descriptive

McCluskey and Lovarini [6]

Adapted Fresno Test of Competence in EBP

Australia

OTs attending an EBP workshop (n = 114)

Before-after study

EBP knowledge and skills – developing a PICO question, searching for evidence and appraising evidence

Objective assessment with 7 open-ended questions based on clinical scenarios; scored with a grading rubric (scoring range: 0 to 156)

Evaluative

Pain, Hagler and Warren [34]

Edmonton Research Orientation Survey (EROS)

Province in the West of Canada

OTs in 2 large urban and 2 rural/small urban areas (n = 58)

Cross-sectional

Self-rated knowledge of research concepts

38 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale; an overall score and sub-scale scores are calculated

Descriptive

Upton and Lewis [33]

 

Wales, United Kingdom

Podiatrists (n = 38), OTs (n = 84), physiotherapists (n = 135) and speech therapists (n = 38)

Cross-sectional

Perceived knowledge and skills of EBP and its individual steps

Self-report with 5 sections using varying question formats (visual analogue scales, semantic differentials, 5-point scales and space for comments)

Descriptive