|
Undergraduate learning opportunities
|
1. Lectures on the basic pharmacology of drugs
|
2.93 (0.41)
|
3.00
|
2.92 (0.42)
|
3.00
|
14.08
|
0.847
|
0.233
|
0.234
|
0.751
|
0.736
|
|
12.00
|
|
2. Lectures on the use of drugs in clinical practice
|
2.53 (0.59)
|
3.00
|
2.53 (0.62)
|
3.00
|
21.66
|
0.982
|
0.416
|
0.235
|
0.759
|
|
19.45
|
|
3. Small group tutorials about drugs and prescribing
|
2.05 (0.64)
|
2.00
|
2.12 (0.67)
|
2.00
|
20.08
|
0.338
|
0.409
|
0.591
|
0.664
|
|
22.67
|
|
4. Problem based learning about drugs and prescribing
|
2.13 (0.67)
|
2.00
|
2.13 (0.67)
|
2.00
|
25.92
|
0.912
|
0.312
|
0.602
|
0.658
|
|
25.08
|
|
5. Workshops on prescribing issues
|
1.87 (0.66)
|
2.00
|
1.98 (0.69)
|
2.00
|
24.08
|
0.094
|
0.366
|
0.664
|
0.639
|
|
25.58
|
|
6. Electronic learning opportunities
|
1.98 (0.77)
|
2.00
|
2.10 (0.76)
|
2.00
|
28.75
|
0.169
|
0.268
|
0.513
|
0.690
|
|
30.03
|
|
Hands-on clinical skills practice
|
7. Write up a hospital drug cardex
|
1.56 (0.68)
|
1.00
|
1.63 (0.72)
|
2.00
|
19.50
|
0.252
|
0.431
|
0.336
|
0.474
|
0.542
|
|
22.17
|
|
8. A teaching session on calculating drug doses
|
1.58 (0.66)
|
2.00
|
1.67 (0.64)
|
2.00
|
19.96
|
0.087
|
0.523
|
0.373
|
0.458
|
|
20.02
|
|
9. Set up a drug infusion pump
|
1.28 (0.50)
|
1.00
|
1.55 (0.79)
|
1.00
|
19.50
|
<0.001*
|
0.549
|
0.206
|
0.537
|
|
18.92
|
|
10. Prepare and give a parenteral drug injection
|
2.51 (1.15)
|
2.00
|
2.49 (1.10)
|
2.00
|
29.88
|
0.857
|
0.528
|
0.282
|
0.540
|
|
27.30
|
|
11. Set up and give a bag of intravenous fluid
|
1.93 (0.90)
|
2.00
|
1.95 (0.90)
|
2.00
|
17.56
|
0.769
|
0.660
|
0.410
|
0.414
|
|
18.42
|
|
Information gathering behaviour
|
12. Web based resources
|
2.97 (1.24)
|
3.00
|
2.81 (1.05)
|
3.00
|
32.95
|
0.158
|
0.495
|
0.353
|
0.563
|
0.610
|
|
34.35
|
|
13. Online medical school resources
|
3.08 (1.14)
|
3.00
|
3.23 (1.12)
|
3.00
|
31.74
|
0.141
|
0.506
|
0.539
|
0.458
|
|
33.89
|
|
14. Your own textbook
|
3.42 (1.27)
|
4.00
|
3.49 (1.23)
|
4.00
|
27.30
|
0.608
|
0.589
|
0.370
|
0.554
|
|
30.64
|
|
15. Your own BNF or equivalent
|
1.96 (1.11)
|
1.00
|
1.93 (1.14)
|
1.00
|
21.77
|
0.773
|
0.536
|
0.289
|
0.593
|
|
25.75
|
|
16. Library resources
|
1.43 (0.81)
|
1.00
|
1.42 (0 .77)
|
1.00
|
17.30
|
0.930
|
0.438
|
0.296
|
0.590
|
|
15.79
|
|
Factors affecting prescribing skills acquisition
|
17. No lecture or formal teaching on prescribing drugs
|
3.17 (1.12)
|
3.00
|
3.21 (0.91)
|
3.00
|
30.14
|
0.923
|
0.341
| | | |
|
34.05
|
|
18. Amount of knowledge on drugs needed to be learnt is too much during each clinical posting
|
3.08 (1.02)
|
3.00
|
2.87 (0 .99)
|
3.00
|
36.54
|
0.065
|
0.333
| | | |
|
31.59
|
|
19. Will not be questioned on prescribing drugs in the final examination
|
2.09 (0.86)
|
2.00
|
2.03 (0 .80)
|
2.00
|
23.08
|
0.473
|
0.571
| | | |
|
22.90
|
|
20. Many clinical teachers do not explain about their rationale for their choice of drugs prescribed
|
2.75 (0.95)
|
3.00
|
2.80 (0.84)
|
3.00
|
29.28
|
0.454
|
0.507
| | | |
|
32.56
|
|
21. Not enough of reinforcement of pharmacology knowledge in the clinical years
|
3.13 (0.95)
|
3.00
|
3.15 (0.84)
|
3.00
|
28.50
|
0.804
|
0.506
| | | |
|
31.55
|
|
22. Not necessary for me to know how to prescribe drugs before graduation
|
1.99 (0.93)
|
2.00
|
1.97 (0.91)
|
2.00
|
24.68
|
0.750
|
0.544
| | | |
|
24.30
|
|
23. Lack of consensus among clinical teachers on drug prescribing
|
2.61 (0.79)
|
3.00
|
2.73 (0.77)
|
3.00
|
25.64
|
0.140
|
0.422
| | | |
|
27.08
|
|
24. Preclinical learning on pharmacology didn’t have enough clinical relevance
|
3.34 (1.11)
|
3.00
|
3.33 (1.02)
|
3.00
|
34.23
|
0.880
|
0.593
| | | |
|
36.92
|
|
25. No actual practice, experience or emphasis on prescribing in clinical years
|
3.48 (0.95)
|
3.00
|
3.42 (0.94)
|
3.00
|
32.71
|
0.431
|
0.576
| | | |
|
31.17
|
|
26. Limited exposure to information that can help in making rational drug choice
|
3.03 (1.00)
|
3.00
|
2.89 (0.89)
|
3.00
|
36.26
|
0.096
|
0.540
| | | |
|
27.00
|
