Introducing global health into the undergraduate medical school curriculum using an e-learning program: a mixed method pilot study

Table 2 Changes in pre-test and post-test scores of the self-assessment questionnaires grouped under the CanMEDS roles

Role	Pre-test		Post-test		df	t	Cohen’s d	Difference
Role	Mean score	SD	Mean score	SD	df	t	Cohen’s d	Difference
Communicator	4.82	.65	4.97	.68	58	−1.53	0.20	Small
Collaborator	6.19	.78	6.31	.74	58	−.85	0.11	Small
Health advocate	4.84	.76	5.21	.74	56	−3.35*	0.44	Small
Medical professional	5.14	.70	5.42	.68	57	−2.94*	0.41	Small
Scholar	4.60	1.38	4.85	1.19	58	−1.87*	0.24	Small
Manager	4.76	1.13	5.29	1.03	57	−3.18*	0.44	Small
Medical expert	5.70	1.02	6.08	.70	58	−3.16*	0.41	Small

Standardized Effect Sizes, Cohen’s d, = post-score minus pre-score, divided by the standard deviation of pre and post-scores (combined). Qualitative differences: “Large” = values of ≥0.8; “Moderate” = values between 0.50 and 0.79; “Small” = values below 0.50
*p < .05

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