Table 1 Team leader verbalization examples and occurrences^a

Direct orders

“Daniel^b, please begin with chest compressions”

14.54 (7.3)

3.90 (3.6)

Undirected orders

“Give adrenaline, now” (Without physical or eye contact)

25.58 (10.8)

16.33 (9.1)

Planning

“Let’s provide two more 30–2 cycles. Then, we’ll reevaluate the rhythm”

2.83 (2.9)

1.52 (2.4)

Task assignments

“Linda^b, please replace Daniel; Steve drew up adrenaline”

0.66 (0.9)

0.24 (0.5)