Table 1 Factors or variables and underlying items and rating scales included in the model
Factors/variables | Individual items |
|---|---|
Tutor competencies | |
Active learning | The tutor stimulated us… |
1. … to summarize in our own words what we had learned | |
2. … to search for links between issues discussed in the tutorial group | |
3. … to understand underlying mechanisms/theories | |
Self-directed learning | The tutor stimulated us… |
4. … to generate clear learning objectives by ourselves | |
5. … to search for various resources by ourselves | |
Contextual learning | The tutor stimulated us… |
6. … to apply knowledge to the problem discussed | |
7. … to apply knowledge to other situations/problems | |
Collaborative learning | The tutor stimulated us… |
8. …to give constructive feedback about our group work | |
9. …to evaluate group collaboration regularly | |
Interpersonal behavior as tutor | 10. The tutor had a clear picture about his/her strengths/weaknesses as a tutor |
11. The tutor was clearly motivated to fulfill the role as tutor | |
Quality of the PBL problems | 12. The problems sufficiently stimulated group discussion |
13. The problems encouraged self-study | |
Group functioning | 14. Give a mark (1-10) for tutorial group productivity (the group always arrives at a good final result) |
15. Give a mark (1-10) for tutorial group functioning (collaboration between students) | |
Achievement | 16. Score on a multiple-choice exam (0-10) |