| |
a) Self-explanation
|
b) Concept mapping
|
c) Concept map study
|
Tukey post-hoc HSD
|
---|
P
a-b
|
P
a-c
|
P
b-c
|
---|
Pre-test (% max. score)
|
Concept. knowledge
|
48.89 (16.91)
|
49.44 (17.77)
|
50.00 (20.18)
| | | |
Problem-solving
|
41.27 (9.30)
|
35.37 (9.95)
|
37.95 (11.44)
| | | |
Post-test (% max. score)
|
Concept. knowledge
|
52.78 (17.00)
|
52.22 (21.77)
|
68.82 (21.83)
|
.994
|
.008
|
.006
|
Problem-solving
|
63.16 (16.02)
|
50.98 (13.60)
|
53.34 (16.37)
|
.008
|
.038
|
.821
|
- Concept. knowledge: Conceptual knowledge. P
a -b,
P
a -c,
P
b -c
: P values for comparisons between self-explanation and concept mapping, self-explanation versus concept map study and concept-mapping versus concept map study, respectively. P values < .05 are in bold.