Example-based learning: comparing the effects of additionally providing three different integrative learning activities on physiotherapy intervention knowledge

Table 1 Mean performance (SD) on the pre-test and post-test expressed as a percentage of the maximum score

		a) Self-explanation	b) Concept mapping	c) Concept map study	Tukey post-hoc HSD
		a) Self-explanation	b) Concept mapping	c) Concept map study	P _a-b	P _a-c	P _b-c
Pre-test (% max. score)	Concept. knowledge	48.89 (16.91)	49.44 (17.77)	50.00 (20.18)
Pre-test (% max. score)	Problem-solving	41.27 (9.30)	35.37 (9.95)	37.95 (11.44)
Post-test (% max. score)	Concept. knowledge	52.78 (17.00)	52.22 (21.77)	68.82 (21.83)	.994	.008	.006
Post-test (% max. score)	Problem-solving	63.16 (16.02)	50.98 (13.60)	53.34 (16.37)	.008	.038	.821

Concept. knowledge: Conceptual knowledge. P_{a -b,}P_{a -c,}P_{b -c}: P values for comparisons between self-explanation and concept mapping, self-explanation versus concept map study and concept-mapping versus concept map study, respectively. P values < .05 are in bold.