Simulated learning in musculoskeletal assessment and rehabilitation education: comparing the effect of a simulation-based learning activity with a peer-based learning activity

Table 4 Pre- and post-means and standard deviations for all measures (Practical exam, clinical skills self-confidence, engagement in lifelong learning, and clinical knowledge test)

Assessment instrument and group	N	Time	Mean	Std. Dev.	p
Practical Exam	43	2	11.97	4.62
Peer-patient	22	2	10.18	3.78
Standardised patient	21	2	13.47	4.91	.018*
Pre-Clinical skills self-confidence	43	1	2.71	1.06
Peer-patient	22	1	2.56	.963
Standardised patient	21	1	3.60	.694
Post-Clinical skills self-confidence	43	2	3.97	.897	.000*
Peer-patient	22	2	2.87	1.15
Standardised patient	21	2	4.40	.897
Pre-Engagement in lifelong learning	43	1	3.11	1.08
Peer-patient	22	1	2.77	.956
Standardised patient	21	1	3.44	1.13
Post-Engagement in lifelong learning	43	2	3.53	1.09	.003*
Peer-patient	22	2	3.12	.963
Standardised patient	21	2	3.93	1.09
Pre-Clinical knowledge test	43	1	4.88	2.77
Peer-patient	22	1	5.04	2.73
Standardised patient	21	1	4.71	2.88
Post-Clinical knowledge test	43	2	11.88	2.70	.000*
Peer-patient	22	2	11.50	3.05
Standardised patient	21	2	12.28	2.28