The utilization of appropriate osteoporosis medications improves following a multifaceted educational intervention: the Canadian quality circle project (CQC)

Table 3 Appropriate therapy during the study determined by the Generalized estimating equations, Random coefficient, and Logistic regression analyses.*

	Generalized estimating equations¶	Random coefficient analysis¶	Logistic regression analysis¶
	Odds ratios (95% CI)	Odds ratios (95% CI)	Odds ratios (95% CI)
High risk
Baseline	1	1	1
Follow-up #1	1.29 (1.13, 1.46)	1.33 (1.17, 1.50)	1.35 (1.20, 1.51)
Final follow-up	1.41 (1.20, 1.66)	1.48 (1.27, 1.72)	1.44 (1.27, 1.64)
Low risk
Baseline	1	1	1
Follow-up #1	1.15 (0.97, 1.36)	1.17 (0.99, 1.49)	1.18 (1.01, 1.37)
Final follow-up	1.16 (0.93, 1.44)	1.18 (0.93, 1.46)	1.16 (0.94, 1.42)
Low risk without fracture
Baseline	1	1	1
Follow-up #1	1.20 (1.01, 1.43)	1.23 (1.03, 1.46)	1.22 (1.05, 1.44)
Final follow-up	1.23 (0.97, 1.55)	1.24 (0.96, 1.59)	1.26 (1.01, 1.58)

* The high risk group was defined as patients with osteopenia and prior fragility fracture, osteopenia and at least one other major (excluding prior fracture) or two minor risk factors for future fracture, or osteoporosis defined as a bone mineral density t-score of less than -2.5 regardless of risk factor status. The low risk group was defined as patients with osteopenia and no prior fracture, osteopenia and at most one minor risk factor for fracture, have normal or no bone mineral density measurements regardless of risk factor status (guidelines). The low risk no fracture group was defined as patients with osteopenia and no prior fracture, osteopenia and at most one minor risk factor for fracture, have normal or no bone mineral density measurements without a prior fracture. Appropriate therapy was defined as any treatment (including alendronate, calcitonin, etidronate, hormone replacement therapy, PTH, raloxifene, or risedronate) administered to high risk patients and no treatment administered to low risk patients.
¶ results were adjusted for the patient's age (≤65/> 65 years), prior fracture status at the hip, spine or wrist (yes/no), family history of fragility fracture (yes/no), early menopause (yes/no), other major risk factors for fracture (yes/no), and two or more minor risk factors for fracture (yes/no). For the low risk without fracture group, the prior fracture status variable was excluded from the adjusted results.